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Verify a Self-Hosted Installer Before Running It as Root
Downloading an installer and immediately executing it as root collapses three operational decisions into one command: Which artifact? -> Did these bytes arrive intact? -> Should this host execute them? Separate those decisions and the install becomes reviewable, reproducible, and recoverable. A concrete source-review boundary At commit c58bcd4 , the MonkeyCode runner installation template selects x86_64 or aarch64 , checks AVX on x86, requires root, and downloads an architecture-specific installer before executing it. The reviewed template uses curl -4sSLk , so certificate verification is disabled by -k . It also downloads an unversioned path. I could not find a pinned version, digest, or signature check in that template. That is a statement about controls visible in one pinned file—not a claim that the release service is compromised or that no external release control exists. Put a manifest before execution For each release artifact, publish immutable metadata through a separately protected release process: { "version" : "1.2.3" , "architecture" : "x86_64" , "file" : "runner-installer-1.2.3-x86_64" , "sha256" : "<64 lowercase hex characters>" , "size" : 18439210 , "rollback" : { "previous_version" : "1.2.2" , "artifact" : "runner-installer-1.2.2-x86_64" } } SHA-256 detects bytes that differ from the manifest. It does not prove who authored the manifest. Serve the manifest over validated TLS, pin it through deployment configuration, or sign it and verify the signature with a trusted offline public key. Verify as an unprivileged staging step The companion verify-installer.mjs checks filename, exact size, digest, version, architecture, and rollback metadata: node verify-installer.mjs release-manifest.json fixture-installer.sh node test-verifier.mjs Expected output uses the fixture's actual digest: PASS 1.2.3-fixture sha256=<digest> PASS verified fixture; rejected tampered artifact before execution The negative test appends a line to the artifact and requires both size
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Add Arrow-Key Shortcuts to a Confirmation Dialog Without Breaking Accessibility
Two buttons in a confirmation dialog look simple: Cancel and Confirm. Keyboard behavior makes the component a small state machine. A recent MonkeyCode change gives us a concrete example. Issue #862 and PR #863 add these shortcuts to the slash-command confirmation: ArrowLeft -> focus Cancel ArrowRight -> focus Confirm The reviewed implementation at commit c58bcd4 moves focus through button refs. That is a useful extra interaction. It is not a replacement for the dialog's accessibility foundation. Keep the baseline first For an alert-style confirmation, users still need: an accessible name and description; focus moved inside when the dialog opens; Tab and Shift+Tab constrained to dialog controls; Escape to dismiss when cancellation is allowed; visible focus; focus returned to the trigger after close; actual buttons whose labels explain the actions. The WAI-ARIA Authoring Practices Alert Dialog Pattern describes the modal semantics and keyboard foundation. Left/right mapping is a product shortcut, not a required AlertDialog convention. That means we must not steal keys from the established behavior around it. Isolate the extra mapping The companion keyboard.mjs starts with a pure function: export function arrowAction ( key ) { if ( key === " ArrowLeft " ) return " cancel " ; if ( key === " ArrowRight " ) return " confirm " ; return null ; } The event handler ignores unrelated and modified keys: export function handleDialogArrow ( event , controls ) { const action = arrowAction ( event . key ); if ( ! action || event . altKey || event . ctrlKey || event . metaKey ) return false ; event . preventDefault (); controls [ action ]. focus (); return true ; } Notice what is absent: no handler for Tab , Shift+Tab , Escape , or Enter . The native <dialog> and buttons in the minimal demo retain their normal jobs. In a React component, use a well-tested modal/dialog primitive for focus containment and dismissal, then add this narrow handler to its content. A complete minimal dialo
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GPT-5.6 MCP: Testing Servers With Sol, Terra & Luna
📖 TL;DR GPT-5.6 shipped July 9, 2026 in three tiers Sol (flagship), Terra (balanced), and Luna (cheapest) all tuned for agentic tool calling. All three share a 1M-token context window , 128K max output, and native MCP support in the Responses API. Test any MCP server against Sol, Terra, or Luna in MCP Agent Studio — pick the model, connect a server, and watch each tool call live. OpenAI dropped GPT-5.6 on July 9, 2026 - and this one is aimed squarely at agents. Three models landed at once: Sol , Terra , and Luna . Each is built to call tools, not just chat . That makes testing MCP servers with GPT-5.6 a different exercise than testing a plain chat model. Tool selection is the whole game. I have spent this week pointing all three at MCP servers GitHub, Postgres, Playwright, and multi-server setups. This post is what I learned. You will see which tier to run for which workload , how the new tool-calling features change MCP, and how to test each one free in your browser. Skip it and you will overpay for Sol on jobs Luna handles fine. What Is GPT-5.6? Sol, Terra, and Luna Explained GPT-5.6 is a three-tier model family, not a single model. OpenAI split it by cost and horsepower so you match the model to the job. Here is the lineup, straight from OpenAI's pricing page: Model Built for Input / Output (per 1M) GPT-5.6 Sol Flagship — ambitious agentic work $5.00 / $30.00 GPT-5.6 Terra Balanced — efficient, high-volume work $2.50 / $15.00 GPT-5.6 Luna Fast, affordable — everyday work $1.00 / $6.00 The specs are shared across all three. Every tier gets a 1M-token context window, 128K max output, and a February 16, 2026 knowledge cutoff. So the choice is not about context or capability limits. It is about how much reasoning each task actually needs. New to the protocol these models call? Start with what is Model Context Protocol , then come back. Why GPT-5.6 Changes MCP Tool Calling Here is the part that matters for MCP. GPT-5.6 does not just call tools one at a time it can orc
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Skippr AI
The live AI employee inside your product, serving every user Discussion | Link
开发者
I Added 200+ Languages to a Translator… Then Realized Language Wasn't the Hardest Part
I'll Be Honest: The Internet Already Has Translators I know. Language translation isn't a new idea. There are already huge translation platforms out there. So when I started working on a translator for my tools website, I wasn't thinking: "I'm going to reinvent translation." Not at all. My thought was much simpler: "Can I make quick translation feel less distracting?" My Frustration Was Actually Pretty Simple Sometimes I just need to translate text. That's it. I don't want to: Create an account Open five different menus Break a long text into tiny pieces Jump between multiple tools I want to paste the text... Choose a language... And get the translation. So I Built My Own Version 👉 https://allinonetools.net/language-translator/ The tool currently supports 200+ languages and language variations . You can: Detect the source language Select the target language Translate long text Upload text Use voice input Listen to the result Copy or share the translation And I wanted to keep the text experience simple without forcing users into tiny input limits. Just: Enter → Choose Language → Translate 200+ Languages Sounded Simple Until I Saw the List English. Hindi. Gujarati. Spanish. Arabic. These are the languages most people immediately think about. But then I started going through the full language list. Abkhaz. Acholi. Afar. Alur. Aymara. Baluchi. And many more. Honestly... I hadn't even heard of some of them before building this. That was probably my biggest learning moment. I Realized How Small My Own View of the Internet Was As a developer, it's easy to build around the languages we personally know. For me, seeing English, Hindi, and Gujarati feels normal. But the internet is much bigger than my own experience. Someone somewhere may be trying to understand a sentence in a language I've never even heard spoken. That changed how I looked at this tool. The Hard Part Wasn't Adding a Dropdown A dropdown with 200+ options looks impressive. But that's not the real problem. The
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Speed Test: I Found AI APIs 99% Cheaper Than Premium
Here's the thing: speed Test: I Found AI APIs 99% Cheaper Than Premium I have a confession: I've been overpaying for AI APIs for years. Like, embarrassingly overpaying. When I finally sat down and actually benchmarked 15 different models on speed and cost, I couldn't believe what I found. Some of the fastest models out there cost literal pennies per million tokens. Here's the thing — if you're still defaulting to whatever the big labs are pushing, you're leaving serious money on the table. So I spent a week running tests through Global API's infrastructure, hitting endpoints from multiple regions, and crunching numbers until my eyes hurt. What I discovered genuinely surprised me. Check this out: there's a model that pushes 80 tokens per second and costs $0.15 per million output tokens. Compare that to premium options charging $3.00/M and you'll understand why I had to write this down. Let me walk you through everything I found. Why I Even Started This Whole Thing My monthly AI bill got out of control. I'm running a few production apps that do text generation, summarization, and chat, and my December bill made me physically flinch. I knew there had to be faster, cheaper models hiding in the ecosystem — I just hadn't taken the time to actually measure them properly. That's the whole reason I ran these benchmarks. Not for clout, not for content marketing. Pure self-interest. I wanted to know where the actual sweet spots are. Where you get the best speed-per-dollar ratio. Where you can save 70%, 80%, even 99% without tanking your user experience. What I found was honestly kind of shocking. My Testing Setup (For the Nerds) I kept the methodology tight and consistent. Here's exactly how I ran everything: Date: May 20, 2026 Test regions: US East (Ohio) and Asia (Singapore) Prompt: "Explain recursion in 200 words" Output target: ~150 tokens per run Iterations: 10 runs each, averaged the results Streaming: Enabled via SSE Base URL: https://global-apis.com/v1 I measured two k
开发者
I Stopped Debugging at My Desk. Here's What Changed
I usually write here about Next.js, caching, and the bugs that steal your sleep. But this post is...
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ADR Template: How AI Generates Architecture Decision Records Your Future Self Will Thank You For
Teams make dozens of architectural decisions every month but document almost none of them. The rest dissolve into Slack threads, hallway conversations, and the minds of people who will leave the company within a year. Six months later, a new developer stares at the code and asks: "Why Redis here instead of PostgreSQL for queues?" Nobody remembers. An archaeological dig through Git history, Slack, and Notion begins. Two hours spent investigating a decision that originally took 15 minutes. Architecture Decision Records (ADRs) solve this problem. But they don't get written. The reason is simple: drafting an ADR takes 30-40 minutes, and the developer has already moved on to the next task. AI compresses that to 3-5 minutes. This article covers ADR structure, prompts for LLM-based generation, real-world examples, and CI pipeline automation. What ADRs are and why capturing architectural decisions matters An ADR (Architecture Decision Record) is a document that captures one specific architectural decision. Not a spec, not an RFC, not a design document. One decision, one file. Michael Nygard introduced the concept in 2011. The format took hold at large companies (Spotify, Thoughtworks, GitHub) but remains rare in smaller teams. The main reason: the writing overhead feels higher than the value it delivers. Three situations where the absence of ADRs hurts the most: Onboarding. A new developer reads the code and encounters an unconventional decision. Without an ADR, they either spend hours investigating, or treat it as a mistake and "fix" it. Both paths are expensive for the team. Revisiting decisions. Context changes: load increases, new requirements emerge, a dependency goes stale. Without a record of why the current solution was chosen and which alternatives were rejected, the team re-runs the entire analysis from scratch. Audits and compliance. In regulated industries (fintech, healthtech), architectural decisions require documented justification. ADRs close that gap automa
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Every Interview Has Two Stories. We Hear Only One
We'll get back to you. It's a sentence almost every job seeker has heard. For some, those words become the beginning of a new career. For many others, they become another unanswered promise. But the truth is, an interview doesn't begin when someone asks, Tell me about yourself . For millions of job seekers, it begins much earlier. Before the Interview Even Begins It's 6:45 in the morning. The alarm rings. A young professional stands in front of the mirror, adjusting the outfit they've carefully prepared the night before. He checks his resume one last time, gathers his documents, confirms the location, and takes a deep breath. As he’s about to leave, someone at home asks, “Do you think this one will work out?” He smiles. “I hope so.” He walks out carrying more than a folder. He carries expectations, financial pressure, family responsibilities, and the quiet hope that this interview might finally change everything. The Hidden Cost Nobody Talks About People talk about skills, preparation, and confidence. Those matter. But there’s another side rarely discussed: the hidden costs. Transportation. Professional clothing. Internet bills. Certification courses. Resume updates. Travel. Meals. Even taking a day off from a part-time job or missing freelance work. For someone without steady income, these aren’t just expenses — they’re investments with no guaranteed return. Sometimes they lead to an offer. Often, they end in rejection or silence. A Resume Can Tell You Skills. It Can’t Tell You a Story. A resume tells recruiters what a candidate has done. It doesn't tell them what they're carrying. It doesn't reveal the father waiting for good news, the mother asking how it went, the EMI due next week, the rent that can't wait, or the confidence slowly wearing down after repeated rejections. When Expectations Change Candidates prepare for the role they applied for. Sometimes they discover the responsibilities, salary, or even the position itself has changed. Business priorities evo
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Why `git pull` Says "Repository Not Found" (When the Repo Exists)
The error looks like a typo in the remote URL. Usually it isn't. On a machine with more than one GitHub account signed in, this message is GitHub's way of saying wrong identity, not wrong address. The symptom A repo clone that has worked for months suddenly can't fetch or pull. The remote URL hasn't changed. The repo hasn't been renamed or deleted; you can open it in the browser just fine. Yet the command line insists otherwise: $ git pull remote: Repository not found. fatal: repository 'https://github.com/<org> /<repo>.git/ ' not found Why GitHub's error is misleading For a private repository, GitHub won't confirm or deny that the repo exists to a caller who isn't authorized to see it. Confirming would leak information about private repos to anyone probing URLs. So instead of a clear 403 Forbidden , an unauthorized request gets treated the same as a repo that truly doesn't exist: a 404 , which git renders as Repository not found . "Repository not found" on a private repo almost always means the credential attached to this request can't see it. It's rarely a wrong URL. The usual cause: two accounts, one keychain This shows up most on machines used for both personal and organization-owned work: a personal GitHub account for side projects, and a separate account (or SSO identity) that actually holds access to the org's private repos. Credential helpers cache one token per host. If the cached token belongs to the personal account, every git operation silently authenticates as that account, including ones against the org repo it has no rights to. personal-account --(switch)--> org-account Active, no repo access Has repo access Diagnose it First, confirm the remote itself is fine. $ git remote -v If the URL opens in a browser while logged into the right account, the remote isn't the problem. Next, check which credential is actually cached. On macOS with the default helper: $ git credential-osxkeychain get <<< $'protocol=https \n host=github.com' username=personal-account
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A Differential Test Harness for Native vs. Generic XDP: Methodology and Baseline
Native XDP and generic SKB-mode XDP are not the same thing in practice. The same BPF program can pass the verifier and still behave differently depending on which mode the kernel uses, this could be a different verdict, different frame bytes, or different metadata. This post ships three things: an open differential test harness, a fixed eleven-packet corpus, and a simple way to classify the differences it finds. A tagged release lets anyone reproduce the virtio/veth baseline on Linux 6.8. The operational risk is straightforward. A firewall or rate-limiter validated only under native XDP can fall back to generic mode on an unsupported driver, a veth port, or after a reload. You keep the same bytecode, but behaviour can change, often without a clear error line. What this release includes: A harness loop: corpus → inject on the RX path → native vs generic sweep → xdpdump capture → compare.py manifest, comparing both the captured frame bytes and the XDP verdict ( PASS / DROP / TX / REDIRECT ). A deterministic corpus with eleven embedded test IDs ( 0xA001 – 0xA005 , 0xA007 – 0xA00C ; 0xA006 is intentionally omitted as a reserved gap in the generator). An operational divergence taxonomy (Class A / B / C). A virtio/veth smoke gate on Linux 6.8; now gating on frame bytes and verdict agreement that shows the full path is reproducible end to end. Scope for this post: native vs generic XDP on the virtio_vm profile only (five BPF programs, pinned manifests). This is part 1 of 2; it establishes the harness and an instrument-validity baseline; a follow-up post covers bare-metal divergence results. Physical NIC results are not part of this baseline. Ordinary conformance checks stop at “did the program load?” Differential testing asks a sharper question: given identical input packets, do the backends produce the same observable outcome at the hook? Background: native vs generic XDP Both modes load the same BPF object. They diverge at the hook point and in how the packet is represen
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The same input gave me a different translation every time. The bug wasn't where I thought.
I kept re-running the exact same input through my translation app. Same code. Same model. Same everything. And the word "machines" kept flipping between two different translations. Sometimes it came out as "機械" (machine). Sometimes as "あなたのPC" (your PC). No code changed between runs. No input changed either. My first assumption was a race condition somewhere in my pipeline. It wasn't. Where I actually looked I checked the obvious suspects first: caching, threading, anything stateful that could make the same input behave differently on different runs. All clean. So I went one level deeper, into how the model picks the winning word. Translation models score every candidate word and pick whichever scores highest. When I logged the actual scores for "machine" vs "your PC" on this input, they were almost exactly tied. That's the part that mattered. When two candidates are separated by a tiny margin, the order floating-point operations get summed in can nudge the score just enough to flip which one wins. Same math, same inputs, different accumulation order between runs — and a near-tie flips sides. Nothing was actually random. It was deterministic all the way down. It just wasn't deterministic in a way I could predict, because the thing that decided the winner was rounding noise several layers below anything I was testing. The fix wasn't "make it deterministic" Forcing strict floating-point determinism across an ML pipeline is its own rabbit hole, and not one I wanted to go down for one word. Instead, I looked at why the tie was so close in the first place. "Machine" and "your PC" were close enough in meaning, in this context, that the model wasn't confident either way. So I widened the margin instead of trying to eliminate the noise: I swapped the input word choice from "machines" to "equipment," which the model was much more decisively confident about. Scores stopped being close enough for rounding noise to matter. The flip-flopping stopped. I want to be honest about a
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Privatise your Data Streams with Bring Your Own Cloud (BYOC)
TL;DR Traditional SaaS streaming requires exporting sensitive data to a vendor cloud, creating security risks and egress costs. BYOC reverses this model by running the data plane inside the customer’s cloud while the vendor manages the control plane. This keeps data within the enterprise perimeter while still providing a managed platform. Condense builds on this model with AI-driven automation, unified monitoring, and marketplace deployment, enabling private, compliant, and cost-efficient real-time data streaming. The enterprise data landscape is currently defined by a conflict between real-time AI data streaming utility and the strict requirements of data sovereignty . For years, the standard SaaS model forced a compromise. To access premium analytics, companies had to export sensitive telemetry to a vendor cloud. This created massive cloud egress costs and introduced significant security vulnerabilities. Bring Your Own Cloud (BYOC) for data streaming platforms has emerged as the professional solution to this dilemma. It allows a business to keep data within its own perimeter while benefiting from a fully managed, high-performance ecosystem. The BYOC Architecture: Privacy by Design An experienced analyst views BYOC as a clean separation of concerns. The architecture splits the environment into two distinct layers to ensure raw data never leaves the authorized environment. SaaS Control Plane: This is the management layer hosted by the provider. It handles the brain of the operation. It manages orchestration, user access, and pipeline configuration without ever seeing the actual data packets. Private Data Plane: This is the muscle. The managed Kafka clusters , Kubernetes (K8s) nodes, and storage engines like ClickHouse live inside the customer Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) . By keeping the data plane inside the customer perimeter, telemetry collection remains private. This architecture is the most direct path to satisfying internal security audits and global regulatory
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Five litmus tests for “this will raise your intelligence” claims
Five litmus tests for “this will raise your intelligence” claims A pocket BS detector for brain-training ads, LinkedIn gurus, and your own wishful thinking. 1. Which dial moved? Intelligence talk smuggles four dials into one word: Dial Rough meaning g / fluid ability Harder to move; overclaimed constantly Knowledge & skill Moves with practice and education Acute sharpness Sleep, illness, mood, substances Long-horizon brain health Aging, disease risk, lifestyle If the claim does not say which dial, it is marketing soup. 2. What was the control? “People got better” is almost worthless. Better than last week of the same game is practice. Better than an active control that also gets attention, novelty, and expectation is interesting. Lumosity-style lawsuits exist because companies sold soup as medicine. 3. Near or far? Near transfer: you got better at this and close cousins. Far transfer: the effect jumped to something distant (school grades, matrix reasoning, life outcomes). Far transfer is scarce. Second-order metas on cognitive training keep finding near yes, far ≈ no once bias is handled. That is not cynicism. It is how human learning usually works. 4. Who was the sample? A processing-speed protocol that helps older adults does not automatically mint IQ points for a 24-year-old optimization bro. Deficient populations respond differently than well-nourished ones. Age and baseline matter more than branding. 5. Is the score flattering the seller? If the outcome is “our app score,” the app got better at measuring app use. Prefer outcomes that hurt to fake: standardized batteries against active controls, academic scores, carefully logged real-world performance. What I built instead of another vanity mini-game IntelligenceMax is a live reasoning gym: frontier models write fresh distinction-style items at your edge, and scoring is transparent / IRT-style. That is deliberate practice under honest difficulty, not a clinical IQ battery and not a promise that general intellige
开源项目
SpaceX is gearing up for Starship's 13th test flight later this week
This flight will put Starship under higher pressure and test out new Starlink satellites in orbit.
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AudioTrust: reconciliar C2PA y watermark AudioSeal en audio sintético
AudioTrust: reconciliar C2PA y watermark AudioSeal en audio sintético Un verificador local que lee las dos marcas de confianza de un audio generado por IA (procedencia C2PA + watermark AudioSeal) y emite un veredicto auditable sobre si coinciden, se contradicen o faltan. El problema Un audio sintético puede llevar dos marcas de confianza distintas: Procedencia C2PA : un certificado digital embebido en el archivo (su "DNI" de origen — quién, cuándo, con qué herramienta). Watermark AudioSeal : un código inaudible incrustado en el sonido, detectable aunque el audio se comparta o transcodifique. Cada una por separado es útil, pero ninguna es suficiente. La procedencia puede faltar (mucho audio generado no la incluye) y el watermark puede estar presente en audio totalmente legítimo. El caso interesante es cuando se contradicen : el manifest C2PA dice "grabado por un humano con una grabadora" pero el watermark de una herramienta de IA está presente. Eso es una señal de manipulación — el llamado Integrity Clash . AudioTrust no genera ni firma nada. Es un verificador : lee ambas capas y las reconcilia. Qué hace audio.wav ──► AudioTrust verify ──► veredicto + explicación C2PA watermark Veredicto ausente ausente unverifiable ausente presente partial origen sintético presente trusted origen humano presente contradiction (Integrity Clash) Salida JSON: { "file" : "audio.wav" , "verdict" : "trusted" , "c2pa" : { "present" : true , "source_type" : null , "claims" : [ "action=c2pa.created by TestTTS" , "generatedBy=TestTTS" ]}, "watermark" : { "present" : true , "detect_prob" : 0.92 }, "explanation" : "C2PA declara origen sintético y hay watermark fuerte: coherentes." } Cómo funciona Lectura C2PA con c2pa-python (el Reader de la librería oficial). Si no hay manifest, devuelve present=False sin crashear. Detección de watermark con audioseal . Devuelve solo detect_prob (P(audio watermarked) en [0,1]). Reconciliación determinista en reconcile.py . Dos decisiones de diseño que vale la
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Why Your Prompts Fail (And How to Fix Them)
Here is a reliable test: find a prompt that isn't working. Read it carefully. Now ask yourself — at which specific sentence did the model get permission to do what it did wrong? You will almost always find it. A hedged instruction. A missing constraint. An ambiguous scope. The model did not misunderstand you — it followed the most statistically probable interpretation of what you wrote. That interpretation was not the one you intended. These are not beginner mistakes. They are structural patterns that reappear at every experience level, because they look reasonable when you write them and only reveal themselves in the output. TL;DR: Prompts fail because they hand interpretive control to the model on dimensions where you had a specific requirement. Each of the seven mistakes below is a different way of doing that — and each has a specific, testable fix. Mistake 1: Placing Critical Instructions in the Middle of the Prompt Language models process all tokens simultaneously through attention mechanisms , but the effective weight any individual token receives depends heavily on its position. Instructions near the beginning and end of a prompt receive disproportionately more attention weight than those in the middle. This is not a quirk — it is a consequence of how positional embeddings interact with self-attention across long contexts. This effect is well-documented. The "Lost in the Middle" study (Stanford / UC Berkeley, 2023) showed that retrieval accuracy from long-context windows degrades significantly for information placed in the middle — even in capable models. The same mechanism applies to instruction prompts: GPT-4o and Claude 3.5 Sonnet both exhibit measurably lower constraint adherence for instructions buried mid-context compared to those at the leading or trailing position. Open-weight models including DeepSeek-V3 and Llama 3 display the same positional bias — this is not a proprietary model quirk, it is a structural property of the transformer architecture. T
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Uber’s product chief on hotels, robotaxis, and why the company doesn’t want to be “everything for everyone”
Uber Chief Product Officer Sachin Kansal walks TechCrunch through the company's financial-services ambitions, its increasingly complicated relationship with Waymo, its new AV Labs data operation, and how AI is starting to show up in ways riders and drivers will actually notice.
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A variable I'd refactored into one function — and kept referencing from another. Python's lazy evaluation hid it, and an AST test finally caught it
One day the browser automation flow started failing right after plugin updates with NameError: name 'plugin_form_selectors' is not defined in the post-update "residual check" step. The refactor that introduced this had landed back in v1.6.1. The error didn't surface until many rounds later. Reading the code, the cause is obvious in seconds — but nobody hit it for ages, because Python's lazy evaluation kept the leftover reference hidden until exactly the right execution path ran. This post walks through what the bug was and how we structurally prevented its kind via an AST static-analysis test. What happened — a reference that crossed a scope boundary browser_utils.py has two functions involved: run_browser_update_flow() , which orchestrates the whole update flow, and browser_update_remaining_plugins() , which handles only the plugin-update logic. The list of plugin-form selector candidates, plugin_form_selectors , used to be a local variable inside run_browser_update_flow() . In the v1.6.1 refactor — "let's split plugin update into its own function" — we created browser_update_remaining_plugins() and moved the plugin_form_selectors definition into it . # After v1.6.1 refactor def browser_update_remaining_plugins ( page , site , update_url ): plugin_form_selectors = [ # ← defined here ' #update-plugins-table-wrap form ' , ' form[name= " upgrade-plugins " ] ' , ' form[action*= " do-plugin-upgrade " ] ' , ' .plugins-php form ' , ] # ... update logic ... def run_browser_update_flow ( site , page ): # ... call to plugin updater ... browser_update_remaining_plugins ( page , site , update_url ) # ★ post-update "residual check" still uses the old local name for selector in plugin_form_selectors : # NameError if page . locator ( selector ). count () > 0 : pending_browser . append (...) The " after updating, make sure no plugin update forms are still visible " residual check stayed in run_browser_update_flow() . During the refactor, the call to extract this loop alongside the
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SilentShare — A Browser-Based Peer-to-Peer File Sharing App
Have you ever been in a computer lab, classroom, or office where you needed to quickly send a file between your phone and laptop? I run into this problem all the time. Sometimes there's no USB cable, no pendrive, Bluetooth is painfully slow, or uploading to cloud storage just to download the file on another device feels unnecessary. So I decided to build SilentShare . What is SilentShare? SilentShare is a browser-based peer-to-peer file sharing application that lets you instantly share: 📁 Files (up to 50 MB) 💻 Code snippets 📝 Text 🖼️ Images No installation. No account. No server storing your files. Your data goes directly from one device to another using WebRTC . Whether you're sending files from your phone to your laptop, between classmates, or across the internet, SilentShare keeps the process simple. Why I Built It I wanted something that: Opens instantly in any browser Doesn't require creating an account Doesn't upload files to someone else's server Works on desktop and mobile Feels lightweight and fast Instead of relying on cloud storage, I wanted the browser itself to become the transfer tool. Features ✨ Peer-to-peer file transfer using WebRTC 📂 File sharing up to 50 MB (including ZIP files) 🔒 Optional end-to-end encrypted rooms using AES-GCM 📷 QR code invitations with built-in camera scanner 📊 Live progress, transfer speed, ETA, pause & resume 🖼️ Preview support for: Images Audio Video PDFs 💻 Share code snippets with syntax highlighting 👥 Multi-user rooms (around 5 participants) 🌙 Dark & Light mode 📱 Installable as a Progressive Web App (PWA) How It Works Create a room Receive a random room code Share the code, QR code, or invite link Other devices join Start sharing instantly The files are transferred directly between devices instead of passing through a storage server. Privacy One of the goals of SilentShare was privacy. No user accounts No cloud storage No permanent database Nothing stored after the browser tab closes If you set a room password, all transf