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When building multi-agent systems, rigid state graphs quickly fall apart in the face of dynamic user inputs. Imagine building a smart assistant: a user hands you a checklist of three household chores today, but tomorrow it might be a list of ten software debugging tasks. Because the number of tasks, their sequence, and their execution details are entirely runtime-dependent, you cannot hardcode this path at design time. Forcing dynamic lists of work into a static graph-based workflow can lead to fragile, over-engineered code. You need a workflow that adapts dynamically at runtime. The Google Agent Development Kit (ADK) provides a flexible programming model to define dynamic workflows . With the release of ADK 2.4.0 , triggering these workflows has become even more seamless: you can register a Workflow directly in an agent's tools list, allowing the coordinator agent to execute it automatically as a first-class tool. In this article, you learn how to configure and trigger a dynamic workflow directly from a coordinator agent. This guide uses a task list coordination example, but you can adjust this pattern to other dynamic orchestration needs. The architecture of a dynamic workflow Static workflows define the execution path at design time. Dynamic workflows, however, allow agents to invoke tools, spawn other nodes, and schedule sub-agents conditionally at runtime. The system consists of three main components: Root agent ( root_agent ) : Gathers the list of tasks from the user, requests final approval, and directly calls the tasks_workflow tool. The workflow ( tasks_workflow ) : A Workflow that iterates over the approved tasks. Sub-agent ( task_explainer ) : An Agent tasked with generating a step-by-step execution plan for each task. Here is the architectural diagram of the solution: Technical implementation Let's break down how to implement this solution using the Google ADK library in Python. The complete code resides in the devrel-demos repository with core logic in

A few weeks ago I was setting up a new project and needed to do the usual dance: create a Notion doc, spin up a Linear board, invite the team to Slack, and set up a couple of Zapier automations to connect them all. It took me most of an afternoon. That's when it hit me — I wasn't actually trying to "use" any of these tools. I just wanted the outcome. I wanted the project set up. And somewhere between the fifth Zapier trigger and the third failed webhook, I found myself thinking: why am I the one gluing all this together? That question is basically the whole thesis behind this post. AI agents aren't just a new feature category bolted onto SaaS. They're starting to eat the reason SaaS exists in the first place. The old deal: software rents you a workflow Traditional SaaS sells you a workflow, not an outcome. You pay for Notion, and Notion gives you a very nice, very rigid shape to pour your thoughts into. You pay for HubSpot, and it gives you a CRM shape. You pay for Zapier so you can awkwardly stitch the shapes together. This worked great for twenty years because the alternative was building everything yourself. SaaS was the shortcut. But the shortcut came with a tax: you had to adapt your work to fit the tool, and when you needed two tools to talk to each other, you had to become a part-time integrations engineer. The new deal: software does the workflow for you An AI agent flips that relationship. Instead of "here's a tool, go operate it," it's "here's the outcome, go figure out how to get there." You tell an agent "onboard this new client" and it can read the contract, create the folders, send the welcome email, schedule the kickoff call, and post a summary in Slack — using whatever tools it has access to, without you clicking through five different dashboards. That's the part that's easy to miss if you only think of agents as "chatbots with extra steps." A chatbot answers questions. An agent does multi-step work: It breaks a goal down into subtasks It calls tools

One of the most common questions I hear is: "My API is slow. Where do I start?" The first instinct is usually: Upgrade the server Increase CPU Add more RAM But in many cases, the database query is the real bottleneck . Whenever I investigate a slow Laravel application, I follow the same checklist. It helps me identify performance issues before making unnecessary infrastructure changes. Let's go through it. 1️⃣ Find the Slow Queries First Don't start optimizing random queries. Start with the queries that are executed the most or take the most time. Useful tools: Laravel Telescope Laravel Debugbar (development) MySQL Slow Query Log Application Performance Monitoring (APM) You can't optimize what you haven't measured. 2️⃣ Stop Using SELECT * One of the easiest improvements. ❌ Instead of: SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = 10 ; Use: SELECT id , name , email FROM users WHERE id = 10 ; Why? Less data transferred Lower memory usage Faster response Easier for MySQL to use covering indexes Only fetch the columns your application actually needs. 3️⃣ Always Check the Execution Plan Before changing anything, run: EXPLAIN SELECT id , name FROM users WHERE email = 'john@example.com' ; Things I usually look for: Is MySQL scanning the whole table? Is an index being used? How many rows are examined? Is there a temporary table? Is filesort being used? EXPLAIN often tells you exactly why a query is slow. 4️⃣ Verify Your Indexes Indexes are one of the biggest performance improvements you can make—but only when they match your queries. Example: SELECT * FROM orders WHERE customer_id = 100 ; Create an index: CREATE INDEX idx_customer_id ON orders ( customer_id ); Now MySQL can jump directly to the matching rows instead of scanning the entire table. 5️⃣ Look for Composite Index Opportunities Suppose your query is: SELECT id , total FROM orders WHERE customer_id = 10 AND status = 'paid' ; Instead of two separate indexes: customer_id status A composite index is often better: CREATE INDEX idx_cu

I keep coming back to java.util.ServiceLoader . I have used it to put a JSON layer behind a contract, so the core code carries no direct dependency on any particular JSON library and I can swap the implementation without touching callers. The same shape works for JWT handling, where the concrete library might be jose4j or another JOSE implementation, and you can easily find other decoupling use-cases. The motivation is always the same: the application should depend on a capability, not on a vendor. A while back I wrote about exactly that idea in Rediscovering Java ServiceLoader: Beyond Plugins and Into Capabilities , where the argument was to treat ServiceLoader as capability discovery rather than a plugin system. That piece hit the limitation everyone hits — the no-argument constructor — and worked around it with a default constructor plus a dynamic proxy that built the real object through a factory on each call. It works, but it is indirection bolted on after the fact, not a design. This post is the part I never pinned down back then: turning that workaround into a small, explicit pattern. The running example below is a mock payments system, with Stripe and PayPal specializations, because it is compact enough to show end to end. The JSON and JWT cases cited can be built with the same structure. The two limits ServiceLoader leaves you The first is the no-argument constructor. Whatever ServiceLoader instantiates must have a public, parameterless constructor. My StripePaymentService takes an API key, so it cannot be the class ServiceLoader loads — not unless I bolt on some init-after-construction step, which I would rather avoid. The second is selection, or rather the lack of it. ServiceLoader gives you every implementation it finds, in roughly classpath order. There is no id, nothing to prioritise on, and no way to ask whether a given one even applies in the current environment. With two backends on the classpath and only one configured, working out which to use is

7 MongoDB Query Mistakes That Return the Wrong Results VisuaLeaf VisuaLeaf VisuaLeaf Follow Jul 14 7 MongoDB Query Mistakes That Return the Wrong Results # mongodb # coding # software # database 3 reactions Add Comment 5 min read

You know the drill for adding an MCP server to a project: dig the exact command string out of the docs, hand-write a .mcp.json with an absolute path you'll typo once, restart the editor, and discover no tools showed up because the server expected a config file you haven't created yet. Plenty of MCP servers lose their would-be users somewhere inside that loop. Infrawise collapses the whole loop into one command. It's an open-source tool ( npm ) that statically analyzes your codebase, AWS infrastructure, and database schemas, then exposes that context to AI coding assistants over MCP — so Claude Code knows your actual partition keys, GSIs, and indexes instead of guessing from source files. This post is about the part that usually kills tools like this before they deliver any value: setup. Section 1: One command, four steps npm install -g infrawise # or skip install and use npx cd your-project infrawise start --claude start does four things, in order: 1. Probes your environment. If there's no infrawise.yaml in the project, it generates one. It reads AWS_PROFILE if set; otherwise it looks at your configured AWS profiles — one profile means zero questions, several means one prompt asking which to use. That's the entire interview. (If you want the full guided wizard instead, infrawise start --interactive runs it.) 2. Runs the analysis. It scans your AWS services, database schemas, and codebase, builds a graph of services, tables, indexes, and query patterns, and runs rule-based analyzers over it. No LLM is involved in this step — extraction and analysis are deterministic, so the same infrastructure always produces the same graph. 3. Writes .mcp.json to your project root. This is the file you'd otherwise write by hand: { "mcpServers" : { "infrawise" : { "command" : "infrawise" , "args" : [ "serve" , "--stdio" , "--config" , "/absolute/path/to/infrawise.yaml" ] } } } 4. Opens Claude Code. Claude Code reads .mcp.json automatically and starts the session with all 21 infrawise

MongoDB queries look simple. You type a field, give it a value, hit run, and you get your data back. But just because a query runs without throwing an error doesn't mean it worked right. Sometimes you get a blank screen. Sometimes you get way too many records. Other times, the data looks fine at first glance, but it doesn't actually match what you asked for. Most of these slip-ups happen for one basic reason: the query structure doesn't match the way the data actually sits in the database. To show you what we mean, we’ll use a clinic database with a collection called visits . Here is what a typical document looks like: JSON { "_id": "6871b6f9c3f1d1a4c2a10001", "status": "completed", "visitDate": "2026-07-01T09:30:00.000Z", "patient": { "name": "Anna Keller", "age": 34 }, "doctor": { "name": "Dr. James Carter", "specialty": "Cardiology" }, "symptoms": ["cough", "fever"], "prescriptions": [ { "name": "Ibuprofen", "active": false }, { "name": "Paracetamol", "active": true } ], "invoice": { "paid": true, "method": "card", "total": 250 } } You can run these examples right in the VisuaLeaf MongoDB Shell . Using visual tools makes a big difference because you can see exactly what MongoDB is returning in real time. 1. Forgetting the Curly Braces This is just a quick typo, but it breaks things right away. The Mistake: db . visits . find ( status : " completed " ) The Correct Query The find() tool always expects an object. Even if you are only looking for one specific thing, you still need to wrap that condition in curly braces {} . 2. Treating $or Like a Regular Object This one trips a lot of people up because the broken version looks like it should work. The Mistake: db.visits.find({ $or: { status: "completed", "invoice.paid": false } }) What is wrong: $or expects an array of conditions, but this query gives it one object. The error will usually be something like: MongoServerError: $or must be an array The Correct Query The first query is wrong because $or needs an array, n

✓ Human-authored analysis; AI used for formatting and proofreading. Scott Piper published a twenty-year retrospective on cloud security research in March 2026. It's the most useful structural history of the field I've seen — four eras, each with defining milestones, each with the tools and research that shaped cloud security. If you work in cloud security, read it first. What follows is a question about what the history reveals when you examine one detail it doesn't discuss. The four eras Piper divides two decades into four eras: 2006–2016, Foundational. Cloud providers built the security primitives — IAM (2011), CloudTrail (2013), Organizations and SCPs (2016). Before these existed, there was no mechanism for least privilege, no audit trail, and no organizational boundary. Security research in this era was part-time work from people with broader careers. 2016–2021, CSPM. Cloud security became a full-time job. CIS Benchmarks standardized what to check. Open-source tools proliferated — Prowler, CloudMapper, Pacu, Cloud Custodian, ScoutSuite. Cloud security during this time largely meant deploying a CSPM. 2021–2025, CNAPP. Point solutions gave way to platforms. Vendors integrated CSPM with container scanning, vulnerability management, and workload protection into a single product category. Research teams at vendors began finding cross-tenant vulnerabilities in the cloud providers themselves. 2025–present, AI. AI accelerates both attack and defense. Exploits that required deep language expertise are generated in minutes. A CTF challenge was solved by an AI within minutes of release. The industry is speed-running the cloud eras. This is a well-evidenced narrative. Every era is defined by a change in what tools could do and who was building them. The verb that didn't change Look at what each era's defining tools do. The direct action each tool performs on its direct object. In the CSPM era, the defining tools match API responses against rule databases. Prowler, ScoutSuit

Private buyers are increasingly outbidding museums for fossils. That’s making it difficult—or even impossible—for researchers to improve our understanding of the past.

AI Spreadsheet for Business Discussion | Link

In response to a public records request, HUD has withheld documents about DOGE’s use of AI—in part by citing a privilege that doesn’t exist.

Kid-friendly tech company Pinwheel announced the launch of a new landline phone designed to let children stay connected without the distractions of a smartphone.

AI makes the first 80% of development feel fast, but hides architectural complexity until it's too late. To prevent system instability, engineering leaders must shift from raw throughput to systemic comprehension. By unifying spec-anchored SDD, TDD, and automated fitness functions into a repo-bound "Context Store," teams can ensure AI agents and human reviewers evolve code safely. By Stella Berhe, Stephan Bragner, Vikram Maran, Anand Jayaraman

Two years ago I open-sourced KeyEcho, a small desktop app that plays a mechanical-keyboard sound the...

The Hisense A10 has an E Ink main display and a magnetic LCD screen you can attach to its rear.

The FCC authorized Reflect Orbital to launch the mirror satellite Eärendil-1. “For optical astronomy, this poses an existential threat,” the European Southern Observatory said.

Drawing from the enduring adaptability of HTML and HTTP, Seph Gentle proposes embedding self-contained schemas directly into file headers, ensuring data remains readable without external definitions. His experimental format prioritises forward, backwards, and sideways compatibility, enabling data format evolution without central coordination or data loss By Olimpiu Pop

The 2027 release of SwiftData introduces support for persisting custom and third-party types via Codable, along with the ability to organize data into SwiftUI list sections. It also adds new capabilities for observing data store changes through ResultsObserver and HistoryObserver. By Sergio De Simone

The machine that could change the world will be housed in a room that looks like a data center crossed with an ice cream factory. Inside will be some 100 stainless-steel cabinets, each about six feet tall and connected to a supply of liquid helium that keeps them only a few degrees above absolute zero.…