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Building a Soulbound Credential on Solana with Token-2022

How combining Non-Transferable and Permanent Delegate extensions changed my understanding of digital ownership on Solana. Imagine earning a high rank in an online game. You can use it. You can benefit from it. Other players can see it. But you cannot transfer that rank to someone else. If you break the game's rules, the game company can revoke it. And if the game gets acquired by another company, authority over that rank can be handed over to a new administrator. That was the closest mental model I found for understanding one of the most interesting things I built this week on Solana: a credential token using Token-2022 extensions. What are Token Extensions? One thing I've learned during this phase of the challenge is that Token-2022 is not just about creating tokens. It allows you to define behaviors directly at the token level through extensions. Instead of relying on application logic to enforce rules, the token program itself can enforce them. For this experiment, I combined two extensions: Non-Transferable — prevents ownership from being transferred to another wallet. Permanent Delegate — gives a designated authority the ability to manage the token even after it has been issued. Individually, those are useful. Together, they create something that behaves less like a currency and more like a credential. The Transfer That Was Supposed to Fail After creating the token, I tried transferring it. spl-token transfer Gn5PZzwDENvpQESaFwgVqzCUFba5sSka59iLtjFTYNvz 1 $THIRD_PARTY \ --owner ~/recipient-wallet.json \ --fee-payer ~/.config/solana/id.json \ --program-id TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb \ --fund-recipient --allow-unfunded-recipient The result: Recipient: ErYcpQYcpdoaaiufrB3MqQE2QaVEhoACZGcssppszPpY Recipient Token Account: 8CvyoKt11UbkWYRVXey6UKK2gqQcvVvbh9Lv3crzo8C3 Funding ATA: 8Cvyokt11UbkWYRVXey6UKK2qqQcvVvbh9LV3crz0803 Status: ❌ Transaction failed during simulation Error: Transfer is disabled for this mint (Token-2022 restriction) What I liked a

2026-06-01 原文 →
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Fungible and Non-Fungible Tokens on Solana: Same System, Different Rules

If you have been following the 100 Days of Solana challenges, you have already worked with tokens. You created mints, set up token accounts, transferred SOL, and explored token extensions. But there is a distinction that comes up constantly in web3, and understanding it properly will change how you think about everything you build going forward. Fungible and non-fungible tokens. You have probably heard these terms before, especially NFTs. But what do they actually mean on Solana, and how does the same token system handle two very different concepts? What makes something fungible Fungible just means interchangeable. One unit is identical to another unit. If I have 10 USDC and you have 10 USDC, ours are exactly the same. It does not matter which specific USDC tokens I hold because they are all worth the same and behave the same way. We could swap them and nothing changes. This is how most things you are used to work. A dollar bill is fungible. A liter of petrol is fungible. One unit of SOL is the same as any other unit of SOL. When you built token transfers in the challenges, you were working with fungible tokens. You did not need to care about which specific tokens moved, just how many. Fungible tokens are used for currencies, stablecoins, utility tokens, governance tokens, loyalty points, in-game currencies, and anything where the quantity matters more than the individual unit. What makes something non-fungible Non-fungible means unique. Each token is different from every other token, even if they come from the same collection. If I have NFT #42 from a collection and you have NFT #87, those are not interchangeable. They might have different images, different properties, different rarity, or different utility. Think of it like event tickets. Two tickets to the same concert are not the same if one is front row and the other is in the back. They came from the same event, but each one is distinct. Non-fungible tokens are used for digital art, collectibles, membership pa

2026-05-30 原文 →