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#02 – Encapsulation & Abstraction in Python

Welcome to Day 2! Today we focus on two core pillars of Object-Oriented Programming: Encapsulation: Hiding internal state and requiring all interaction to go through performing validation or controlled methods. Abstraction: Hiding complex implementation details and exposing only a clean, simplified interface to the user. 1. Access Modifiers: Public, Protected, & Private 🛡️ Python does not have strict enforcement keywords like public or private found in Java or C++. Instead, it uses naming conventions and name mangling to communicate intent and protect internal data. ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ ACCESS MODIFIERS IN PYTHON │ ├──────────────┬───────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────────────┤ │ Level │ Syntax │ Scope / Intended Access │ ├──────────────┼───────────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────┤ │ Public │ self.name │ Accessible anywhere (inside & outside class) │ │ Protected │ self._balance │ Internal & subclasses only (Convention) │ │ Private │ self.__pin │ Class internal only (Triggers Name Mangling) │ └──────────────┴───────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────────┘ Public ( self.name ): Fully accessible from anywhere. Protected ( self._balance ): Single leading underscore. Signals to developers: "This is internal—do not mutate or access outside this class or its subclasses." Private ( self.__pin ): Double leading underscore. Triggers name mangling ( _ClassName__attribute ), making it hard to accidentally access or override outside the class. 💻 Code Example: Access Modifiers & Name Mangling class SecureVault : def __init__ ( self , owner : str , balance : float , pin_code : str ): self . owner = owner # Public self . _balance = balance # Protected (convention) self . __pin = pin_code # Private (name mangled) def verify_pin ( self , pin : str ) -> bool : return self . __pin == pin vault = SecureVault ( " Alice " , 50000.0 , " 9876 " ) # Public access works as expected

2026-07-22 原文 →
AI 资讯

Show HN: Yorishiro – a macOS terminal where AI agents live

Yorishiro is an open source project that gives Claude Code / Codex a body-like anime character. The name “Yorishiro” in Japanese means an object inhabited by spirit. My first idea started comunicating with AI agent long time by terminal is very tired. Because AI agent is no face, no expression, no body, and I don’t see they think. So I provided a 3D body and inhabited environment to AI agent. I call it “Presence Harness”. I devise many idea, for example, reflex function. "Aura" is white light mo

2026-07-22 原文 →
AI 资讯

Stop Screenshotting Architecture Diagrams: Build Them as Single-File HTML

TL;DR Spent today rebuilding two training diagrams — a layered reference architecture and a workflow swimlane — as single-file HTML instead of exported images. The trick: data in a plain JS array, layout in CSS Grid, connectors in an SVG overlay measured at runtime . Result: diagrams you can step through, click into, and hand over as one file that opens offline. Why not just export a PNG? Because a screenshot is stale by the next sprint, and nobody re-opens the drawing tool to fix it. Approach Editable by a dev Interactive Portable PNG from a drawing tool No (need the source file) No Yes Mermaid in a doc Yes No Needs a renderer Hand-built HTML Yes (it's a data array) Yes One file, opens anywhere The third option costs a few hours once. After that, updating a component is editing one object in an array. Separate the data from the drawing This is the whole design. Nothing about position, colour, or DOM lives in the content: const TIERS = [ { key : ' clients ' , label : ' Clients ' , sub : ' consumers · admins ' }, { key : ' edge ' , label : ' Edge ' , sub : ' TLS · load balancing ' }, // ... ]; const COMPONENTS = [ { id : ' app ' , tier : ' app ' , x : . 34 , label : ' Control Plane ' , tech : ' PHP-FPM ' , role : ' Governance UI and sync orchestration. ' , points : [{ type : ' info ' , text : ' Pushes approved config downstream ' }] }, // ... ]; const LINKS = [[ ' consumers ' , ' edge ' ], [ ' edge ' , ' gateway ' ], /* ... */ ]; tier picks the row. x is a fraction (0..1) across that row , not a pixel. So the layout survives any viewport without me hand-tuning coordinates. Layout: Grid for the boxes, SVG on top for the wires +--------------------------------------------------+ | lane label | [card 1] [card 2] [card 3] | <- CSS Grid row |------------+-------------------------------------| | lane label | [card 4] [card 5] | +--------------------------------------------------+ ^ ^ sticky column SVG overlay (position:absolute; inset:0) draws paths between measured centre

2026-07-22 原文 →
AI 资讯

Show HN: Bento - An entire PowerPoint in one HTML file (edit+view+data+collab)

Over the past few months, our team has been building more and more slidedecks using web frontend technologies with coding harnesses like Claude Code, but a common complaint is to make even small edits we need to edit the code either manually or via the harness. To avoid this loop, I ended up creating Bento, a single HTML file with everything you need in a slide tool including animations and shared editing. There's no install or cloud login, everything works offline. The default deck is around 56

2026-07-22 原文 →