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Find out whether a single Wi-Fi router or a mesh system makes the most sense for your home network.

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Built with OpenEUDI — open source (MIT), live on npm. GitHub: https://github.com/openeudi · npm: @openeudi/core and @openeudi/openid4vp Originally published on eidas-pro.com . The Developer's Dilemma You need to verify user identity in your application. Traditionally, that meant integrating a KYC provider — uploading documents, waiting for manual review, handling edge cases. With EUDI Wallets launching in December 2026, there's a new option. This comparison is written for developers who need to choose between — or migrate from — traditional KYC to EUDI Wallet verification. Architecture Comparison Traditional KYC Flow User uploads document → Your server → KYC API → Queue → AI/Manual review ↓ Result (minutes to days) ↓ Webhook to your server EUDI Wallet Flow Your server generates QR → User scans with wallet → Wallet authenticates ↓ Cryptographic VP sent back ↓ Result (2-5 seconds) Side-by-Side Comparison Aspect Traditional KYC EUDI Wallet (OpenEUDI) Verification time Minutes to 48 hours 2-5 seconds User effort Photo upload, selfie, manual entry Scan QR, tap approve Data you receive Full document images, extracted PII Only requested attributes (e.g., age_over_18) Data you store Required to store for compliance No PII storage needed API complexity REST + webhooks + polling REST + SSE (real-time) SDK cost Paid (per verification) Free (OpenEUDI is MIT) Production cost Per-verification pricing Managed service from EUR 49/mo Cryptographic verification You trust the KYC provider You verify the issuer's signature yourself Cross-border Provider-dependent All 27 EU member states Regulatory basis Provider-specific compliance EU Regulation 2024/1183 GDPR burden High (you store PII) Low (no PII retention) Offline capability No Yes (proximity/NFC flow) Integration Effort Traditional KYC (Typical) // 1. Create verification session const session = await kycProvider . createSession ({ type : ' identity ' , country : ' DE ' , documentTypes : [ ' passport ' , ' id_card ' ], redirectUrl

Quick answer: The Google Ads Transparency Center is a public registry of every ad Google runs — but it ships no API and no bulk export . To get the data programmatically you scrape it. A Google Ads Transparency scraper sends the same RPC call the website uses and returns every ad creative for an advertiser as structured JSON. The Apify Actor below does it for $0.0012 per ad (~$1.20 per 1,000), with the TLS fingerprinting, proxy rotation, and pagination handled for you. Google's Ads Transparency Center is one of the most underused datasets in marketing. Launched in 2023 under the EU Digital Services Act and parallel US pressure, it indexes every ad campaign currently running on Search, YouTube, Display, Shopping, Maps, and Play — keyed by advertiser. Google's own counter lists 300,000+ active creatives for a brand like Nike . For your nearest competitor, it's usually 50–500. The catch: there's no download button. Just an interactive UI that paginates 40 creatives at a time. If you want this as a CSV — for a competitor sweep, a trademark audit, or a RAG corpus — you have to extract it yourself. Here's what that actually takes, and how I shortened it to one API call. What is the Google Ads Transparency Center? 🔎 The Google Ads Transparency Center is a public, Google-operated registry that shows the ad creatives any verified advertiser is running, the date range each ad was shown, and roughly where. Google built it to comply with ad-disclosure regulation, so the data is public by design — you're reading the same registry a regulator would. What it gives you per advertiser: Every ad creative currently or recently live (text, image, video) The landing domain each ad clicks through to First-shown / last-shown timestamps and a rough impression count A deep link to each creative inside the Transparency Center What it does not give you: a search-by-keyword mode, region-filtered results from the server, or — crucially — an API. Does the Google Ads Transparency Center have an A

Stacking, Bidirectionality, the Encoder-Decoder, and LSTMs Last post ended with a simple RNN and three promises: LSTMs, bidirectional RNNs, and attention. This post delivers the first two, plus the refinements that turn a working-on-paper RNN into something you'd actually deploy. By the end, you'll know how to stack RNNs for depth, why reading a sentence backward as well as forward (bidirectionality) makes representations sharper, how the encoder-decoder turns one sequence into a different one for machine translation, and exactly what breaks in a simple RNN that LSTMs and GRUs were invented to fix. Attention, the fix for the last problem we'll hit, gets its own home in the transformer post, so we'll stop right at the edge of it. The simple RNN was the idea. This post is the engineering. A vanilla RNN carries a thread of hidden state through time, but in practice, that thread frays on long sequences, only sees the past, and bottlenecks everything through one final vector. Each section here is a fix for one of those problems. Put them together, and the path from "RNN" to "transformer" looks less like a leap and more like a series of obvious next steps. Stacking RNNs for Depth The first refinement is the easy one. Nothing says an RNN's output has to go straight to a prediction. You can feed the entire output sequence of one RNN as the input sequence to another. Then another. These are stacked RNNs (also called deep RNNs), and they usually outperform a single layer. Why does depth help? The same reason it helps in vision. Each layer learns representations at a different level of abstraction. The lower layers pick up fundamental, local properties; in language, that's roughly the level of parts of speech and named entities. The higher layers compose those into bigger groupings: descriptive phrases, "this is the answer to a question," and so on. We can't point at layer 3 and say "this one does coreference." But the theory holds up well enough that researchers have probed m

How RAGScope Knows Which Chunks Your LLM Actually Used Your retriever fetched 10 chunks. Your LLM only used 3. RAGScope shows a precision score of 30 out of 100. The question every new user asks: how does it know? There is no OpenTelemetry attribute that says "this chunk was in the context window." RAGScope infers it — and the way it does this is the most consequential piece of engineering in the whole tool. There Is No "In Context" Attribute in OTel The OpenTelemetry semantic conventions for generative AI ( gen_ai.* ) define attributes for model, input/output tokens, and retrieved documents. They do not define anything like gen_ai.chunk.reached_llm or gen_ai.retrieval.used_document_ids . When your RETRIEVER span fires, you get a list of documents. When your LLM span fires, you get a prompt and a completion. The two spans are connected by a parent-child trace relationship — but there is no attribute that maps which retrieved documents appear in which prompt. This gap matters. A reranker might drop 7 of your 10 chunks. Your application code might apply a token budget and truncate 4 more. From the trace alone, you cannot tell. RAGScope needs this information to compute the precision sub-score — the highest-weighted metric at 40% of the overall score. Getting it wrong would make precision meaningless. The Substring Match — How assembleContext Works RAGScope's answer is in src/enrichment/pipeline.ts , in a function called assembleContext : function assembleContext ( chunks : RagChunk [], llmSpans : ParsedSpan []): RagChunk [] { const llmPrompts = llmSpans . map (( s ) => s . prompt ). filter (( p ): p is string => !! p ); if ( llmPrompts . length === 0 ) return chunks ; let position = 0 ; return chunks . map (( chunk ) => { if ( ! chunk . content ) return chunk ; const inContext = llmPrompts . some (( p ) => p . includes ( chunk . content ! )); if ( inContext ) { return { ... chunk , inContext : true , contextPosition : position ++ }; } return { ... chunk , inContext :

Most apps don't just call one API endpoint. They call a whole chain of them. For example, you might log in, get a token, and then pass that token to another service. Tracking these multi-step chains can get messy quickly. To help fix this, the OpenAPI Initiative created the Arazzo Specification . It gives us a standard way to link different endpoints into clear workflows. But writing these workflow files by hand in a regular text editor is tough. It is very easy to lose track of how data moves from one step to the next. That is why I built Arazzo Visualizer for VS Code. It is a free, open-source extension that makes the Arazzo spec visual and easy to use. Live Interactive Graphs The extension reads your workflow files and turns them into interactive maps on the fly. See Data Flow: Look at exactly how data moves between steps. Catch Errors Early: Spot broken paths before you even run your code. Clean Layouts: Navigate large workflows without getting lost in thousands of lines of text. Built-In Workflow Runner Seeing the map is great, but testing it is even better. The tool has a step-by-step runner built right into your editor. Run a single step or execute the whole chain. See real-time data payloads and HTTP headers. Watch requests happen live to pinpoint bugs fast. Give it a Try The project is fully open source, and you can grab it or check out the code using the links below: Download: Install it directly from the VS Code Marketplace . Source Code: Check out the repository, report bugs, or contribute on GitHub . Deep Dive: Read my full technical breakdown and design on Medium . If you are working with API chains, I would love for you to try it out. Drop your feedback in the comments below! Note: Arazzo v1.1.0 is out with official AsyncAPI support. I am currently updating the VS Code extension to support these new features. Stay tuned for future updates!

A walkthrough of the architecture decisions behind Flacron Gamezone a production full-stack app built with Next.js, Express, PostgreSQL, and Redis. When a client approached me to build a live football match discovery platform, the requirements sounded straightforward on the surface: show live scores, let users subscribe, handle authentication. But the moment you start thinking about how those pieces connect in production, straightforward gets complicated fast. This is the story of how I designed the backend for Flacron Gamezone — what decisions I made, why I made them, and what broke along the way. Table of Contents The Problem With "Just Building It" The Architecture: Four Distinct Layers Why This Matters to a Client The Bug That Taught Me Something Real The Full Stack at a Glance What I'd Do Differently The Problem With "Just Building It" The easiest version of this app is a single Express file: one route handler that queries the database, formats the data, and sends a response. I've seen this pattern in tutorials everywhere. It works for demos. It falls apart in production. The problems are predictable: you can't test business logic without hitting the database, a change in one feature quietly breaks another, and the moment a second developer joins the codebase, nobody knows where anything lives. I wanted to build something I could actually be proud to show an employer or a client. That meant committing to a proper layered architecture from day one, even on a project this size. The Architecture: Four Distinct Layers The entire Express backend is organized into four layers. Each layer has one job and talks only to the layer directly below it. Route → Controller → Service → Repository Here's what each one actually does. Routes are just maps. They declare that POST /api/v1/subscriptions exists, attach the auth middleware, and hand off to the controller. No logic lives here. Controllers handle the HTTP boundary. They extract data from req.body or req.params , call th

I sifted through the fine print and figured out how to score the best deal right now on all the major carriers.

In the past, when people heard the word “token,” they usually thought about cryptocurrency, trading,...

submitted by /u/radekmie [link] [留言]

Git style branching for your backend Discussion | Link

Agent Memory: Short-Term, Long-Term, and Episodic Main Thumbnail Image Prompt: A human brain cross-section illustration in neon tones on dark background. Three regions clearly demarcated and labeled. The hippocampus region glows blue, labeled "Episodic Memory: what happened." The prefrontal cortex glows orange, labeled "Working Memory: what I'm doing now." A network of distributed nodes glows green, labeled "Semantic Memory: what I know." Arrows show information flowing between regions. Scientific but accessible, the memory architecture made neural and visual. Memory Architecture Diagram Image Prompt: Four storage boxes arranged vertically on dark background. Top: "In-Context Window (Working Memory)" — fastest, smallest, temporary, shown as RAM chip icon. Second: "External Vector Store (Semantic Memory)" — fast retrieval, persistent, shown as cylinder with search icon. Third: "Key-Value Store (Episodic Memory)" — structured facts, shown as database icon. Bottom: "Fine-Tuned Weights (Procedural Memory)" — slowest to update, most permanent, shown as brain with lock. Arrows showing read/write speeds between boxes. Clean, technical, the hierarchy is the insight. Memory Retrieval Flow Image Prompt: A query arrives at an agent on the left. Four parallel arrows go right to four memory sources: conversation history (short chat bubbles), vector database (semantic search visualization), structured database (table icon), model weights (brain icon). Each source returns relevant items. A "Memory Fusion" box on the right combines the results. The agent sees an enriched context. The retrieval from multiple stores is the architecture. Every conversation with an LLM starts from zero. You explain your project. You explain your preferences. You explain your constraints. You spend five minutes providing context. You come back tomorrow. You do it all again. The model remembers nothing between sessions. The context window closes. The state is gone. Every interaction is the agent's first

The Principle of Least Privilege: Operational Speed's Security Cost While developing a production ERP, delayed shipment reports were always a headache. One of the main reasons behind incomplete reports was the complexity of privilege layers in the system and, often, excessive permissions granted. In this post, I will delve into the costs we pay when we stretch security boundaries in an effort to gain operational speed. The principle of least privilege is more than just a security concept; it's critically important for operational efficiency and system stability. In this article, I will explain the impact of the principle of least privilege on operational speed, the security risks it entails, and how I've tried to strike this balance with concrete examples from my practical experience. My goal is to move beyond superficial definitions and dive deep into this topic based on my real-world field experiences, providing actionable insights to readers. Why Does the Principle of Least Privilege Seem to Hinder Operational Speed? The general tendency is to provide instant access to all relevant tools and data to speed up a task. This can be appealing, especially in an emergency or before a critical delivery. However, the Principle of Least Privilege (PoLP) advocates the opposite: a user or system component should have the absolute minimum privileges required to perform its task. This might initially seem to slow down operational processes. For example, a development team having unlimited SELECT rights to a production database might facilitate running an urgent query. However, the same developer could accidentally run UPDATE or DELETE commands, causing serious damage to the system. Such an incident, instead of speeding up a query in the short term, could lead to hours of downtime and data loss. This is where the long-term risk posed by operational speed, which PoLP is thought to hinder, becomes apparent. Another example is a system administrator frequently using the sudo su co

You've seen this before. You ask your AI agent: "Find ∫ x·e^x dx" It confidently replies: e^x + C , complete with a plausible-looking derivation. You nod. Then you check — the correct answer is (x−1)·e^x + C . It was wrong by a mile, and you almost shipped it. This is the fundamental problem with AI math today: LLMs can talk, but they can't verify their own work. They sound convincing while being catastrophically wrong. And the more complex the problem, the better the hallucination. Math.skill changes that. It's an open-source mathematical reasoning skill for AI agents — install it, and your agent stops guessing and starts verifying. What Makes It Different Typical AI Math Plugin Math.skill Workflow Prompt → LLM → answer Prompt → 7-step pipeline → ≥2 verifications → answer Verification None Answer blocked if verification fails Open problems Might hallucinate a "solution" Honestly says "this is unsolved" Error recovery No mechanism Auto-backtrack, fix, recompute, re-verify The core differentiator: a verification engine that runs at least 2 of 11 independent checks on every answer. No answer leaves the pipeline unverified. Period. The 7-Step Pipeline Every problem flows through this: Step What Happens Why It Matters 1. Parse Extract conditions, goals, variables, implicit domain constraints Catches misread problems before they waste your time 2. Model Build formal representation: equation, function, matrix, probability space, etc. Prevents building the wrong mathematical structure 3. Select Choose the optimal method from 30+ strategies Avoids brute-forcing when elegance exists 4. Solve Step-by-step with mathematical justification at every transformation Full traceability — nothing hidden 5. Verify Apply ≥2 of 11 independent verification methods The differentiator — catches what LLMs miss 6. Correct If verification fails: backtrack to last known-good step, fix, recompute, re-verify No "doubling down" on wrong answers 7. Deliver Exact answer (not approximate), domain con

The Moment I Realized I Didn't Really Know JavaScript I was 2 months into learning JavaScript. I could use .map(), .filter(), .reduce() like any bootcamp grad. I felt confident. Then my instructor asked me one question: "How does .reverse() actually work?" I froze. I had used it hundreds of times. But I had no idea what was happening inside. I was a user, not a builder. That was the day everything changed. The 01EDU Difference: Build Tools, Not Just Use Them Most coding courses teach you to use built-in methods. 01EDU does something different. They disable the built-in methods. Then they say: "Now build it yourself." No .split(). No .join(). No .indexOf(). No .slice(). Just you, a text editor, and your brain. What I Built in 2 Weeks (Without Using Built-ins) Here are the JavaScript methods I re-created from scratch: Method What I Learned abs() Math is logic, not magic multiply(), divide(), modulo() Arithmetic is repeated addition/subtraction indexOf(), lastIndexOf(), includes() Searching is just looping and comparing slice() Negative indexes count from the end reverse() Arrays and strings are both indexed collections join() Building strings step by step split() Parsing is character-by-character inspection round(), floor(), ceil(), trunc() Decimals are just numbers between whole numbers Each function took hours of thinking, failing, debugging, and finally — understanding. The Most Painful Lesson: Loops The first time I tried to build repeat() without using .repeat(), I wrote an infinite loop. My computer froze. I had to force restart. That failure taught me more than any working code ever could. I learned to trace each iteration mentally. I learned to check my exit conditions. I learned to respect the loop. You don't truly understand loops until you've crashed your computer with one. What 01EDU Taught Me That No Bootcamp Could I learned how computers think, not just how to write code When you build .split() from scratch, you understand string parsing at a deep level.

Intel Foundry's Rio Rancho Facility Moves Toward Glass Substrate Volume Production Reports from Wccftech and Forbes (May 26, 2026) indicate that Intel Foundry's facility in Rio Rancho, New Mexico, is advancing toward becoming the world's first factory to achieve mass production of glass substrates — a next-generation chip packaging technology considered critical for scaling AI hardware beyond current organic substrate limitations. The facility has already begun manufacturing silicon photonics products for external customers and is expected to play a central role in Intel's advanced packaging strategy. Why Glass Substrates Matter for AI Glass substrates address fundamental limitations of current organic (ABF) substrates that are becoming bottlenecks for AI chip scaling: Extreme flatness (<1 μm warpage) enables larger die and chiplet assemblies Low CTE (3-8 ppm/°C) closely matches silicon (2.6 ppm/°C), reducing thermal stress Higher interconnect density due to dimensional stability Better high-frequency performance with low dielectric loss Larger format supporting bigger interposers than organic substrates For AI accelerators that already push CoWoS substrate limits at 5,500+ mm², glass substrates could enable even larger multi-chiplet assemblies. Intel's Advanced Packaging Ecosystem Intel has been building an advanced packaging portfolio: EMIB (Embedded Multi-die Interconnect Bridge): High-density die-to-die connections Foveros : 3D stacking for logic-on-logic packaging Co-Packaged Optics (CPO) : Recently demonstrated glass-core substrate prototypes with CPO Customer Base According to Forbes: Existing customers : AWS, Cisco Reportedly in discussion : Apple, Google, Microsoft, Nvidia, Tesla Commercial Timeline Milestone Timeline Glass substrate R&D announcement 2023 Pilot line (Chandler, AZ) 2024-2025 Silicon photonics production (Rio Rancho) 2026 (active) Glass substrate volume production ~2028-2030 Global Competition Intensifying SKC/Absolics (Korea): Operating pilo

How I Built a Bilingual AI-Powered Business Manager for Street Vendors in Jamshedpur The Problem Walk through any street in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, and you'll find hundreds of small shop owners and hawkers running their entire business from memory — stock levels, daily sales, employee wages, profit margins. They have no tools. Notebooks get lost. Mental math fails. And at the end of the day, most don't even know if they made a profit. These vendors are not tech-illiterate. They have smartphones. They use WhatsApp. But every existing business app is either too complex, too expensive, or only available in English. I wanted to solve that. The Solution — Dukaan Manager Dukaan Manager is a free, offline-capable Progressive Web App (PWA) and Android app built for small shop owners and street vendors in India. It runs entirely in the browser — no server, no subscription, no data charges beyond the initial load. Built using HTML, CSS, JavaScript , and powered by the Gemini 2.0 Flash API , it gives every small vendor access to a smart business advisor in their pocket. What It Does 📦 Stock Management Vendors can add items by name or photo. Each item stores buying price, selling price, and quantity. The app automatically calculates profit margins and flags low-stock items with colour-coded alerts. 💰 Daily Sales Recording Sales are recorded item by item, linked to which employee made the sale. The app auto-fills prices and calculates the total. Unsaved drafts survive accidental page refreshes using sessionStorage. 👥 Employee Tracking Add employees with their role, salary, phone number, and joining date. Mark daily attendance (present/absent) with one tap. Track total sales made by each employee across all time. 📅 Sales History Every saved sale is stored permanently in the browser's localStorage. History is grouped by date, collapsible, and shows daily revenue and profit — clean and simple. 🤖 AI Business Advisor (Gemini-Powered) This is where Google AI comes in. Using the Gemini