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Don't just jump straight into a pool with your phone, you savage.

I've been chasing the question of what algorithms a transformer can actually express -- separate from what it can learn. So I built a compiler: define a computation graph in ordinary Python, and it produces the weights of a transformer that executes the graph. The result is a standard Phi-3-architecture checkpoint that vanilla huggingface loads with no custom code and no trust_remote_code. Zero training in the pipeline. Write-up (origin + how the constructions work): https://ood.dev/posts/torchwright-intro/ Repo (twelve runnable examples): https://github.com/physicsrob/torchwright Hand-built transformer weights aren't a new idea. RASP defines a language whose primitives map onto transformer sublayers, and Tracr compiles RASP programs into actual weights. I wanted two things they don't aim for: expressing a computation graph in ordinary Python, and targeting a stock architecture, so the output loads in vanilla huggingface with no custom code. submitted by /u/notforrob [link] [留言]

Sam Altman's side project — which seeks to scan the world's eyeballs and turn them into unique digital identifiers — has raised some fresh cash through a crypto sale.

The Anbernic RG SP has pretty much everything you want from a modern take on the Game Boy Advance SP.

AI companies including Nvidia and Mistral urge policymakers to avoid broad restrictions on open-weight AI models as Washington debates responses to Chinese AI and alleged model distillation.

Every engineering team that ships an AI feature eventually has the same meeting: someone pulls up a pricing page, someone else pastes a benchmark screenshot from a forum post, and the decision gets made on vibes. That's a bad way to pick the model provider your product will depend on for the next two years. The OpenAI vs Anthropic API decision isn't really about which model is "smarter" this quarter — model quality leapfrogs every few months, and today's edge is gone by the next release cycle. What actually determines whether your AI feature is pleasant to build, cheap to run, and easy to maintain is the shape of the API underneath it: how it handles conversation state, how reliably it calls tools, how it prices repeated context, and how much application logic ends up welded to one vendor's conventions. This post is a practical, engineering-first look at those structural differences, written for teams past the demo stage trying to ship something that works in production, at scale, for paying customers. Why the OpenAI vs Anthropic API Comparison Matters More Than Model Quality It's tempting to treat this as a leaderboard question — whichever model scores higher on the latest benchmark wins. That's the wrong axis to optimize for a production SaaS feature. Benchmarks measure narrow tasks under ideal conditions; your feature has to survive malformed input, network failures, cost constraints, and the reality that whatever model you pick today will be superseded within months. What doesn't change as quickly is the API contract: request and response schema, conventions for multi-turn state, the tool-calling protocol, and the caching and rate-limiting behavior your infrastructure has to accommodate. Get those decisions right and swapping model versions later is a config change. Get them wrong and you're rewriting your orchestration layer every time a new model ships. That's why an OpenAI vs Anthropic API comparison for a production team should spend more time on API design

The first time I audited seriously, I opened the biggest contract in the repo and started reading line one. Two hours later I had a headache and zero findings. I had memorized how the code worked without ever asking what it was supposed to guarantee. That is backwards, and it took me a while to unlearn it. Now I do not read Solidity first. I read the scope, and before I look at a single function body I write down what must always be true. Bugs are violations of those truths. If you do not know the truths, you are just admiring the code. Step one: write the invariants before you read An invariant is a property the protocol claims will always hold, no matter who calls what in what order. For a contest, I start with money and control, because that is where severity lives. Two questions cover most of it: Who can move funds, and under what conditions? What must always hold about the accounting? For a lending-pool-shaped protocol my starting invariant list looks like this, written in plain language before I care how any of it is implemented: The sum of all user deposits minus all borrows equals the pool's available liquidity plus outstanding debt. Accounting must reconcile. A user can only withdraw up to their own balance, never more, never someone else's. A position can only be liquidated when it is actually under the health threshold. Interest accrues monotonically, it never goes backwards in a way that lets someone repay less than they owe. Only the borrower, or a liquidator on an unhealthy position, can reduce a debt. Nobody except governance can change interest rate parameters or the oracle. Notice none of that mentions a function name. These are the promises. Now my job for the rest of the contest is simple to state: find an ordering of calls that breaks one of these. Step two: map the external entry points Funds do not teleport. Something has to be called from outside for state to change. So I list every externally reachable function, because the attack surface is

A few months ago, if you had asked me whether Structured Outputs solved hallucinations, I probably would have said yes. Today, I wouldn't. Not because Structured Outputs don't work-they absolutely do. But because they solve a different problem . After building ShapeCraft, an open-source structured output library supporting OpenAI, Groq, Ollama (GBNF), and Anthropic, I realized something that fundamentally changed how I think about production AI. Structure and correctness are two completely different guarantees. The misconception Let's say you're extracting data from an invoice. The invoice says: Invoice Total: $900 Your model returns: { "invoiceTotal" : 1200 } Let's validate it. Validation Result Valid JSON ✅ Matches JSON Schema ✅ Required field present ✅ Correct data type ✅ Correct answer ❌ The response is structurally perfect. The extracted value is still wrong. JSON Schema didn't fail. It did exactly what it was designed to do. What JSON Schema actually guarantees JSON Schema is responsible for ensuring your application receives data in a predictable format. It guarantees things like: Valid JSON Required fields Correct data types Nested object structure Array validation Enum validation That makes applications dramatically easier to build. But it does not guarantee: The extracted value is correct The answer exists in the source document The model didn't hallucinate Business rules were followed Those are different problems. Structure ≠ Truth I've started thinking about AI validation as two independent layers. Layer 1 - Structural Validation Can my application safely consume this response? Examples: Is it valid JSON? Does it match my schema? Are required fields present? JSON Schema solves this extremely well. Layer 2 - Semantic Validation Can I trust the information? Questions become: Did the model extract the correct value? Can I trace it back to the source? Is there supporting evidence? Would I make a business decision based on this response? This layer is much ha

Originally published on nejckorasa.github.io . When a team moves from a monolith into microservices and event-driven, asynchronous systems, it inherits a class of problems that used to be someone else's: work that fails halfway through, steps that must not run twice, calls that return before the work is done. Temporal is a durable execution engine that handles a lot of this - you define a multi-step process, and it guarantees the process runs to completion even when workers crash in the middle. I've spent the better part of a decade building distributed systems in the money-movement core of banks - ledgers, payments, credit cards - a lot of it on Temporal, from short request-triggered workflows to ones that stayed open for weeks. This is the high-level guide I'd give a team making that jump: the principles worth internalising before you ship, not a full tutorial. Most of them aren't really about Temporal. They're the habits the async shift demands - Temporal just punishes you quickly when you skip one. Durable Execution: The Problem It Solves Distributed work fails in the middle. You call service A, it succeeds. You call B, it times out. The pod dies before C. Now you have half-finished work and no memory of how far you got. The usual fix is a pile of status columns, a cron job to find stuck rows, and retry logic hand-rolled for every step. Temporal's promise is that any process you start runs to the end. The runtime picture: there's a Temporal service (its own cluster), and your app runs worker processes that poll it and execute your code. As a workflow runs, Temporal records every step to an event history . If a worker dies, another picks the workflow up and replays that history to rebuild state, then carries on from where it left off, retrying anything that failed. The history is the source of truth, and it survives the crash. Most of the rules below fall out of that one fact. The Golden Rule: Workflows Decide, Activities Do There are two kinds of code in Tempora

A few weeks ago, I set out to build a small portfolio project: a Streamlit app that could take any tabular dataset, understand something about its structure, and give honest guidance on how to model it. I called it ContextLens . I expected it to be a practical exercise in Python, machine learning, and deployment. What I didn't expect was how closely it would connect with the same questions I work with every day in my PhD research on context-aware intelligent systems. The problem I started with Most introductory machine-learning tutorials follow a familiar sequence: Load a CSV. Choose a model. Train it. Check the accuracy. What often gets skipped is the layer of judgment that should come before any of that: Is this actually a classification problem or a regression problem? Is the target so imbalanced that accuracy becomes misleading? Is that "ID" column secretly leaking the answer into your model? Are there duplicate rows, missing values, high-cardinality categories, or too many features for the number of available observations? Experienced practitioners make these judgments almost automatically. But that reasoning usually remains invisible—it sits in someone's head rather than inside the system, where another person can inspect it. ContextLens is my attempt to make that layer visible. Upload a dataset, and it profiles the data, flags structural risks—missingness, duplicate rows, likely identifier columns, class imbalance, and high-dimensional settings—and adapts its evaluation guidance to what it finds before training a single model. The point is not simply to train a model. The point is to ask whether the modelling process makes sense in the first place. Why I call it "context-aware" rather than "AI-powered" I was deliberate about this distinction, just as I have been throughout my PhD work, and it turned out to be the most important design decision in the whole project. ContextLens does not claim to be intelligent in the way a human expert is. It does not hide its

An iOS or Android update can change a screen you shipped without you changing a line of code. If your app builds its UI from UIKit, SwiftUI, Compose, or Material widgets, Apple or Google owns those widget implementations. Codename One does something different. It statically links our lightweight component implementation into your native app. The UI you test is the UI your users keep after the next OS update. An update can still break a platform API or permission contract, but it cannot swap our button implementation for a new one. What is Codename One? Codename One is an open-source framework for building native iOS, Android, desktop, and web apps from a single Java or Kotlin codebase. Learn more at codenameone.com . Lightweight does not mean a Java paint loop limping behind the platform. On iOS, components paint through our Metal pipeline. The moving Liquid Glass tab lens in this post is a Metal shader on the frame's existing command buffer, with no transfer of pixels back to the CPU. At the same time, last week's ParparVM work brought our ahead-of-time VM to geomean parity with warmed Java 25 across ten benchmarks. Six finished at or ahead of HotSpot. The tradeoff is that our UI does not inherit Apple's or Google's latest redesign for free. We have to study it, reproduce the parts that make sense, and test the result. That is work we take on so you can work on your app instead of working for the Apple and Google design teams. You decide when your app adopts a new look. The OS does not decide for you on upgrade day. The ParparVM and theme-fidelity branches ran in parallel. We wanted them in the same release, but each became too large to merge together safely. The fidelity work took longer. PR #5274 alone reports 53,000 additions across 1,147 changed files. Generated access registries, resources, screenshots, and native goldens account for much of that number, but the scale is still real. Five follow-up PRs fixed what the first pass exposed. Owning the component sta

Most Chromebooks ship with only 8GB of RAM, which is enough for some people, but certainly not enough for me. Multitaskers who want more memory in their next Chromebook should check out Best Buy, which is discounting Acer’s Chromebook Plus Spin 514 for the remainder of the day. Originally $749 for the configuration with 12GB […]

The AI lab Midjourney continues to expand its purview beyond image and video generation.

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Following its Unpacked launch event for the Galaxy Z Fold 8 series, Samsung briefly opened a theme pub in the middle of London.

This is Optimizer, a weekly newsletter sent from Verge senior reviewer Victoria Song that dissects and discusses the latest gizmos and potions that swear they're going to change your life. Optimizer will be taking a two-week break and will be moving to Wednesdays starting August 12th. Opt in for Optimizer here. My For You page […]

Batman: Caped Crusader - Chronicles' ties in with season two of Prime Video's animated show.

ChatGPT Voice on desktop can work with both ChatGPT Work and Codex to complete tasks and control agents.

Jörg Schad explains how to tame the complex "data management hairball" to build scalable, safe architectures for AI. He shares how autonomous data products act like containers for data, encapsulating pipelines, schemas, and metadata. Discover how progressive tool discovery via protocols like MCP limits context rot, enforces governance policies, and ensures reliable, multi-modal access. By Jörg Schad