标签：#learn

May 25, 2026. This is not just another date on my calendar. This marks the beginning of one of the biggest professional transitions of my life. After nearly a decade working in the world of IT infrastructure, technical support, networking, field engineering, and systems operations, I’ve made a decision that has been building in my mind for some time: I am transitioning into Data Analytics. And this is where I document that journey—publicly, honestly, and in real time. Not when I become an expert. Not when I feel “ready.” Not when everything looks polished. I’m starting now. Because real growth is rarely clean, predictable, or perfectly planned. Sometimes it starts with one uncomfortable decision: To leave what you already know… and step into what your future requires. Where My Journey Started Before data, before dashboards, before writing my first SQL query or building my first analytics project—my career started in the trenches of IT. For the past 10 years, I’ve built my career solving real technical problems across businesses, organizations, schools, offices, and field operations. My world has been cables, routers, networks, system failures, installations, troubleshooting, and making technology work where others saw complexity. Over the years, I’ve worked deeply in: Computer troubleshooting and hardware diagnostics Printer setup, configuration, and enterprise support Wi-Fi deployment and hotspot installations LAN design and structured network deployment Fiber optic installations and network termination Data cabling and structured cabling systems CCTV surveillance installation and maintenance Alarm systems and electronic security integration Intelligent security systems Electric fence installations and perimeter protection systems Router, switch, and access point configuration End-user support and enterprise technical troubleshooting Systems maintenance and operational support I’ve spent years on ladders, in server rooms, inside offices, on construction sites, insi

In the previous article, we explored concepts such as total loss and epochs. Now, we will continue...

I read and collected Arxiv whitepapers starting after the launch of ChatGPT. I copied and pasted excerpts into Word to track them. Then migrated to Obsidian. That vault of some 1700 papers is now online. I figured it was time to see if others would find the collection useful. My whitepapers were organized into some 90 categories, all of which emerged from paper topics. New categories became necessary with the discussion of new methods, techniques, models etc. If I wanted to write about a topic, I'd upload an md file containing research excerpts on that topic to ChatGPT. This worked to a degree but maxxed out context pretty quickly. And I always had related research in multiple categories, according to how the research was framed. (Personas research in Aligment, Psychology, HCI, etc). So I used a plugin to create topic notes that built in and outbound wikilinks across the papers centered on shared concepts. When I ported this all online I added another layer of synthesis: Inquiring Lines as I call them. These cover cross-cutting, tension-surfacing, synthesizing, and frontier-opening research frames. There's 6,000 of them in my collection. Each is a page to itself that's a useful description of a research line of inquiry. These now also have prompts you can run yourself that will find related (and more recent) research - (I can't adequately maintain each topic with new research). It's all at https://inquiringlines.com/inquiring-lines/ if you want to poke around. As is everything in the age of AI, it's a work in progress. But there's a lot of rich material in there. Have a look. submitted by /u/Barton5877 [link] [留言]

Hi, I am and PhD student and trying to run a ML reading group focused on interpretability and robustness every weekend. Its always nice to hear different takes and opinions on a paper and this discussion group could serve the purpose. If you are a fellow PhD student or a ML researcher interested in reading recent papers in depth then please fill this google form to be added in the group for receiving further updates on when we can meet and discuss: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdNg4x60lUHV7YW_kKPFlpPR3Rom_rOovbryD8YtOGQR8x0Kw/viewform submitted by /u/Ok_Access_9159 [link] [留言]

Hi everyone, I’m an amateur student who has been experimenting with neural networks mostly out of curiosity. Over the past few weeks, I ended up going fairly deep into a specific architecture I designed, which I call a Directional Neural Network (DirNN) . This isn’t meant as a polished or formal contribution — it’s something I’ve been tinkering with, iterating on, and testing in my spare time. That said, the architecture does impose real structural constraints and uses a custom backward pass. In my own experiments on simple tasks (including some using GloVe embeddings), the DirNN has repeatedly performed better than standard MLP baselines. This result has been consistent enough that I don’t think it’s pure luck — but I’m very aware that I might be fooling myself. What I’m unsure about is whether I’ve been unfair in my comparisons . I don’t know if: the DirNN is effectively a special or degenerate case of an MLP my training procedure, initialization, or optimizer choices favor it in subtle ways the tasks or datasets I’m using make the comparison misleading I’ve put together a small repository with a README describing the architecture, the custom backward pass, and a minimal script to reproduce what I’m seeing. I’m posting here because I could really use a sanity check from people more experienced than me . If this is obviously flawed, I’d much rather learn that now. Blunt technical criticism, references, or “you’re missing X” comments are all very welcome. Repository: DirNNs Thanks for reading — I’m genuinely here to learn. submitted by /u/jos_lucas73 [link] [留言]

I need a break from social media and all the bots.. Aside from Arxiv are there any sources that do a good job of aggregating the good stuff and filtering out all the junk? submitted by /u/Tiny_Arugula_5648 [link] [留言]

Hi all, I have been working on this method based on a hunch along with many llm for quite some time. Though first it was being engineered by me but I was learning in supervised ml area but this hunch took to semi-supervised ml and that to too deep. I then became llm orchestrator of sort while 4 llm's tried to figure it out. I put up a live demo on Hugging Face Spaces where you can try it yourself — set the number of labels, click run, see the accuracy. No installation, no code required. Brief about method Optimus — Graph SSL under Extreme Label Scarcity Key Results (PathMNIST, N=2000, 9 classes) Labels Total Optimus GCN 9(1 per class) 73.9 60.6 27(3 per class) 77.3 68.5 45(5 per class) 79.8 77.1 https://huggingface.co/spaces/Keshu007/optimus-graph-ssl Edit : You can can even run the code on your own dataset submitted by /u/Loner_Indian [link] [留言]

From TF's website: Quantization aware training emulates inference-time quantization, creating a model that downstream tools will use to produce actually quantized models. So is it designed to work with a very specific quantization method (for Gemma-4, presumably, Google's own)? Or would it make sense to use alternative quantization methods? According to the benchmarks unsloth released, its (alternative) quantizations of Gemma-4-QAT are closer to the QAT fine-tunes, but is it a good thing, or does it defeat the purpose of QAT? submitted by /u/we_are_mammals [link] [留言]

I'm planning to submit a paper to either NMI, but this will be my first paper to a nature-like venue. Would love a quick chat with anyone that has experience. My paper's specifically more geared towards signal processing with ML for a specific subfield of engineering. But can be interdisciplinary. submitted by /u/PlateLive8645 [link] [留言]

If you're a networking instructor — at a university, technical college, boot camp, or corporate training program — you know the frustration of teaching the OSI Model. Static PowerPoint slides can only do so much. Students nod along in class, but when exam time arrives, the layers blur together. The PDU names become a confusing jumble. The OSI Model Simulator by Roboticela was built with educators in mind. It transforms a passive lecture into an interactive demonstration that students engage with, remember, and take home to explore on their own. Classroom Use Cases Live Demonstration Project the simulator on a classroom screen. Have students suggest messages to send and protocols to use. Step through each layer together as a class, stopping to ask questions: "What's happening here? What header was added? What device would operate at this layer?" The interactive format maintains attention far better than any lecture. Lab Assignments Assign students to run specific simulations and document their findings: "Run HTTP and HTTPS simulations. Screenshot the Presentation Layer for each. Explain in writing what differs and why." This assignment tests both tool usage and conceptual understanding. Flipped Classroom Send students to app.osi-model-simulator.roboticela.com before class. Ask them to run three simulations and come prepared to discuss what they observed. Class time becomes richer discussion rather than basic concept delivery. Protocol Comparison Exercise Have students run simulations for all five protocols — HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, DNS, FTP — and create a comparison chart noting the differences at each OSI layer. This develops deep protocol literacy that traditional instruction rarely achieves. Why It Works: The Science of Active Learning Research in educational psychology consistently shows that active learning produces dramatically better retention than passive instruction. The "Learning Pyramid" (Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience) suggests: Lecture: ~5% retention after 2

Networking certifications like CompTIA Network+ and Cisco's CCNA are career-defining credentials. They validate your understanding of networking fundamentals — and both exams test OSI Model knowledge extensively. In fact, the OSI Model is arguably the single most tested conceptual framework in entry-level and intermediate networking certifications. Why OSI Is So Critical for Certification Exams Exam questions on OSI take many forms: "At which layer of the OSI model does a router operate?" (Layer 3) "What PDU is used at the Transport Layer?" (Segment) "Which protocol operates at the Application Layer?" (HTTP, DNS, SMTP...) "A user cannot connect to a website. Troubleshooting should begin at which OSI layer?" (Layer 1, then up) "Which device operates at Layer 2?" (Switch) "What is the function of the Presentation Layer?" (Translation, encryption, compression) These questions seem straightforward on paper but are notoriously confusing under exam pressure without deep conceptual understanding. How the OSI Simulator Accelerates Your Studies Visual Memory Formation Research in cognitive science consistently shows that visual and kinesthetic learning creates stronger memories than text-only reading. When you watch the OSI Simulator animate your message through all seven layers, you're forming episodic memories — vivid, experience-based memories that are far more durable than rote memorization. Protocol-to-Layer Association One of the most commonly missed exam categories is protocol-to-layer mapping. The OSI Simulator makes this automatic: when you select HTTP, the Application Layer is highlighted. When you watch TCP headers form, you associate TCP with Layer 4 viscerally, not just verbally. PDU Name Mastery Data, Segment, Packet, Frame, Bits — the five PDU names are shown explicitly at each layer in the simulator. After running 10 simulations, these names become second nature. No flashcard can match this experiential learning. Troubleshooting Framework Practice Network+ an

The Physical Layer's choice of transmission medium profoundly affects the performance, cost, security, and reliability of a network. The OSI Model Simulator supports all five major media types — making it a powerful tool for understanding how physical choices ripple up through all seven OSI layers. Medium Speed Max Distance Security Cost Ethernet Up to 10 Gbps+ 100m (Cat6a) High (physical access) Low Wi-Fi Up to ~9.6 Gbps (Wi-Fi 6) ~100m indoor Medium (WPA3) Low Fiber Optic Terabits/s 100s of km Very High High Coaxial Up to 1 Gbps 500m (RG-8) Medium Medium Radio Variable (5G: Gbps) km to global (satellite) Low–Medium Variable Ethernet: The Reliable Standard Ethernet is the dominant wired networking standard in homes, offices, and data centers. Using twisted-pair copper cables (Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a), it provides reliable, high-speed connectivity with predictable latency. The IEEE 802.3 standard governs Ethernet, and modern variants include 1GbE, 10GbE, 25GbE, 40GbE, and 100GbE. Wi-Fi: Wireless Freedom Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) eliminated the need for physical cables in most consumer settings. Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) and Wi-Fi 6E deliver impressive speeds, but shared medium access, interference, and radio propagation challenges mean it will never fully replace wired Ethernet for critical applications. Fiber Optic: The Internet's Backbone Fiber optic cables carry data as pulses of light through glass or plastic strands. They're immune to electromagnetic interference, support enormous bandwidth, and can span continents — literally. Every major internet exchange, submarine cable, and data center interconnect uses fiber. Coaxial Cable: The Cable TV Legacy Coaxial cable — familiar from cable TV connections — consists of a central conductor surrounded by insulating layers and a braided metal shield. DOCSIS-based cable internet connections (common from ISPs like Comcast) use coaxial as the last-mile medium. Radio: Wireless at Scale From the cellular 5G network in your pocket to satellite

When I started learning Data Science, I expected to spend my first week writing Python code, exploring machine learning models, and working with advanced tools. Instead, I spent most of my time in Excel. At first, it felt underwhelming—just rows, columns, and simple spreadsheets. But within a few days, I realized something important: Excel is not a basic tool at all. It is one of the most widely used tools in data analysis, business decision-making, and reporting. 📊 Real-World Uses of Excel Excel is widely used across industries for handling and analyzing data. Some of the most common uses include: Business Analysis - Tracking sales and identifying trend Accounting and Budgeting - Managing Expenses, Profits and Financial reports Marketing Analysis - Measuring campaigns performance and customer behavior Data Entry and Management - organizing large datasets efficiently Businesses rely on Excel because it helps turn raw data into meaningful insights for decision making. 🛠️ Key Excel Features I Learned In my first week, I explored several important Excel Features that help with data organization and analysis: Excel Interface Overview - I first explored how Excel is organized, including Ribbon, Worksheets, Cell, Row, Columns, and formula bar. this helped me understand how to navigate the tool before working with data Data Sorting - Organizing data by numbers, Text and Dates Filtering - Showing only relevant data based on condition Data Validation - Ensuring accurate and consistent data entry Freeze Panes - Keeping header Visible while scrolling through large datasets. These features make working with data much easier, faster and more structured. 🧮 Basic Excel Functions I learned I was also introduced to some basic Excel functions used in Data Analysis. Aggregate Functions - SUM - Add all values in a range - AVERAGE - Calculate the mean of a dataset - COUNT - Counts numerical entries in a dataset Conditional Functions - SUMIF () and SUMIFS()** - Add values that meets one

Optimizing Laravel Performance: Conquering the N+1 Query Problem with Eager Loading As full-stack developers, building performant applications is a continuous challenge. One of the most insidious yet common performance bottlenecks encountered in Laravel applications is the "N+1 query problem." This issue can significantly degrade response times, inflate database load, and ultimately lead to a poor user experience. Fortunately, Laravel provides a powerful and elegant solution: eager loading using the with() method. This tutorial will walk you through understanding the N+1 problem and effectively using eager loading to keep your applications fast and efficient. Understanding the N+1 Query Problem Imagine a scenario where you need to display a list of blog posts, and for each post, you also want to show the name of its author. In a typical Laravel application, your Post model would likely have a belongsTo relationship with a User model. Let's look at a common, yet inefficient, way this might be implemented: 1. The Inefficient N+1 Approach Consider a controller fetching all posts and a view attempting to display the author's name: app/Http/Controllers/PostController.php (N+1 Example): namespace App\Http\Controllers ; use App\Models\Post ; use Illuminate\Http\Request ; class PostController extends Controller { public function index () { $posts = Post :: all (); // Fetches all posts return view ( 'posts.index' , compact ( 'posts' )); } } resources/views/posts/index.blade.php (N+1 Example): <h1>Blog Posts</h1> @foreach ($posts as $post) <div class="post-item"> <h2>{{ $post->title }}</h2> <p>Author: {{ $post->user->name }}</p> <!-- Accessing related user inside loop --> <p>{{ Str::limit($post->body, 150) }}</p> </div> @endforeach Why this is N+1: 1 Query: SELECT * FROM posts; – This initial query fetches all your posts. N Queries: For each $post in the loop, when you access $post->user->name , Laravel lazy-loads the associated User model. If you have 10 posts, this will exe

maybe this should be asked in the Fc26 game subreddit but not sure. Anyway I just saw a video of someone predicting the winner of the world cup using the simulate match feature in the game but he only did it once. Would running this feature 100-1000 times give a significant result ? or is that feature only based on luck ? submitted by /u/Stillane [link] [留言]

Most developers learn CSS specificity once. They remember: #id > .class > div Then move on. Until one day… Everything looks correct. The CSS is present. The selector is correct. The z-index looks higher. And yet the UI is broken. That’s when CSS specificity stops being a beginner topic and becomes a production debugging problem. The Production Incident That Started This Recently, I was working on a microfrontend application. Everything worked fine initially. I opened a page, launched a modal and the UI looked correct. Then I navigated to another microfrontend. Its CSS got loaded. After returning to the original microfrontend, suddenly: ❌ Modal appeared behind page content ❌ Overlay behaved incorrectly ❌ z-index looked correct but wasn't working DevTools showed my CSS rule still existed. Yet another CSS rule was winning. The culprit? CSS Specificity. 🧠 What is CSS Specificity? CSS specificity is the algorithm browsers use to decide: Which CSS rule wins when multiple rules target the same element. Browsers don't simply apply: "The last CSS rule." That's one of the biggest misconceptions. Specificity is calculated first. Only when specificity is equal does source order become important. ⚔️ Example .modal { z-index : 9999 ; } .some-library .modal { z-index : 100 ; } HTML: <div class= "some-library" > <div class= "modal" ></div> </div> Many developers expect: .modal to win because the value is larger. But CSS doesn't compare values first. It compares selectors. 🧮 How Specificity Works Specificity is usually represented as: ID - CLASS - TYPE Specificity Table Selector Specificity * 0-0-0 div 0-0-1 .modal 0-1-0 [type="text"] 0-1-0 :hover 0-1-0 #dialog 1-0-0 Inline Style Highest MDN defines specificity as the weight browsers calculate to determine which declaration gets applied when multiple selectors match the same element. Example Calculation Selector: button .primary Contains: button → 0 -0-1 .primary → 0 -1-0 Total: 0-1-1 Another selector: #header button .primary Contai

Hi all, Lately I have been working on creating a package for Multi Agent RL based drone environments with different objectives, all bundled into a single GitHub repository: tau-intelligence/MuJoCo-drones-gym. I am currently trying to organize things for RL community people, with a couple more tools coming soon. But right now, I want to make it useful for the community and hence would love some feedback from different people, about how I could improve it, incorporate more things into it or fix some broken implementation. Also everyone is welcome to raise issues on the repo. Thank you for the support. PS: I have some research publications at RL and ML venues regarding work on RL, though I still want to consider myself as a student of the field and hence would love your help here. submitted by /u/MT1699 [link] [留言]

The first trillionaire in history won't make their money from banking, oil, or real estate. They'll make it from rockets and algorithms — and the implications of that distinction are genuinely unsettling. The Problem It's Solving (Or Creating) SpaceX is preparing for its IPO. Analysts tracking the raise estimate it will push Elon Musk's net worth past the trillion-dollar threshold, making him not just the richest person on Earth by a wide margin, but something qualitatively different from every billionaire before him. The standard framing treats this as a wealth story. It isn't. A billionaire is powerful because they have money. A trillionaire is powerful because, at that scale, they stop needing permission from anyone — governments, investors, boards, markets. The constraints that keep institutional power in check simply don't apply anymore. How Trillionaire-Scale Power Actually Works There's a clean way to understand the difference. A billionaire can fund political candidates, buy media, lobby aggressively. Another billionaire can fund the opposition. It's expensive, but the system has a counter. A trillionaire doesn't have a counter. They are the counter. They can simultaneously build the communications infrastructure (Starlink), the transportation layer (SpaceX), the compute stack (through xAI), and the political attention economy (via platform ownership). No single democratic institution was designed to regulate someone who owns the pipes that the institution runs on. Arnab Ray's piece in today's Times of India puts it directly: a trillionaire's thoughts and algorithms will shape planetary outcomes. That's not hyperbole. When Musk eventually lands people on Mars, the governance frameworks, the property rights, the social contracts of that colony — those will be engineered by him and his companies, not negotiated through any existing democratic process. What Societies Are Actually Unprepared For Most of the policy debate around billionaires focuses on tax rates

What Ollama actually is Ollama is an open-source runtime for large language models that runs on your own computer — Mac, Windows, or Linux. Think of it as the “Docker for LLMs”: instead of wrestling with Python environments, model weights, and GPU drivers, you type one command and a model is running. The pitch is simple: keep your data on your machine, pay nothing per token, and work offline. When you run ollama run gemma4, Ollama downloads the model, loads it into your GPU’s memory (or system RAM if you don’t have a GPU), and drops you into a chat prompt. That’s it. Behind that simplicity, Ollama is doing a lot of work for you: Model management — pulling, versioning, and storing models from its registry, the way a package manager handles software. Quantization — automatically using compressed (GGUF) versions of models so a 27-billion-parameter model fits in consumer memory. GPU layer allocation — deciding how much of the model lives on your GPU versus CPU, based on the VRAM you have. Context and KV-cache management — handling the memory that grows as a conversation gets longer. A REST API — exposing everything on http://localhost:11434 so your own apps can talk to it. How it works under the hood Ollama is not itself an inference engine. It’s an experience layer wrapped around one. Under the hood it uses llama.cpp, the C++ engine that does the actual math of running a quantized model efficiently on CPUs and GPUs. As of v0.19 (March 2026), Ollama also uses Apple’s MLX backend on Apple Silicon — a change that delivered enormous speedups (on an M5 Max running Qwen 3.5, decode throughput nearly doubled). The workflow looks like this: You run a command — ollama run qwen3 from the terminal, or a request to the API. Ollama resolves the model — if it isn’t already downloaded, it pulls the GGUF weights from the registry. It loads the model into memory — splitting layers between GPU and CPU based on available VRAM. It serves responses — either interactively in your terminal o

Every weekday, we averaged 10 groups. Every weekend, 15. Same karaoke bar. Same staff. Same songs. For a long time, I just accepted that gap as "normal." Weekends are busier. That's just how hospitality works, right? Wrong. It took me years to realize I wasn't looking at a staffing problem. I was looking at a funnel problem — and I had no idea what a funnel even was. The moment I noticed something was off One Tuesday afternoon, a group of four walked past the front door, looked at the menu board outside, and kept walking. I watched from the counter. I had open rooms. Competitive prices. Cold drinks. Everything they needed. But they left anyway. That one moment stuck with me. Why did they walk in? Why did they look? Why did they leave? I started tracking these moments obsessively. Not with software — just a notebook and a lot of attention. Here's what I found over six weeks: Weekdays : About 40 people walked past who paused at the sign. Of those, maybe 15 came to the door. Of those, 10 groups actually came in and paid. Weekends : About 90 people paused. 30 came to the door. 15 groups booked a room. The conversion rate was almost identical — roughly 25% from "stopped to look" to "became a customer." The difference wasn't that we were worse at converting on weekdays. We just had fewer people at the top. That's a funnel. I didn't know the term at the time. But what I was describing is exactly what marketers call a marketing funnel : Awareness — people notice you exist Interest — they stop to look Consideration — they walk to the door, check the price Action — they book a room and pay Most businesses obsess over the bottom of the funnel. Better sales scripts. Discount campaigns. Loyalty cards. I did the same. I ran Tuesday specials. I trained staff to upsell drinks. I rearranged the menu. None of it closed the gap. Because the gap wasn't at the bottom. It was at the top. On weekdays, I simply had fewer people aware we existed. What I tried instead Once I framed it as a f