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Every line of your smart contract costs something. Some lines cost more than others. In this part of our gas saving series, we’ll explore how to write smarter Solidity code that keeps your contract lean and efficient. Here are six simple and practical ways to reduce gas costs while writing Solidity smart contracts. 1. Use payable Only When Needed, But Know It Saves Gas In Solidity, a function marked payable can actually use slightly less gas than a non-payable one. Even if you're not sending ETH, the EVM skips some internal checks when the function is marked payable. See this example: function hello() external payable {} // 21,137 gas function hello2() external {} // 21,161 gas That tiny difference may not seem like much, but across thousands of calls, it adds up. Only use payable when your function is actually meant to accept ETH 2. Use unchecked for Safe Arithmetic When You’re Sure Since Solidity 0.8.0, all arithmetic operations automatically check for overflows and underflows. While this makes contracts safer, it also uses extra gas. When you're certain that overflow won't occur, you can use the unchecked keyword to skip these safety checks. uint256 public myNumber = 0; function increment() external { unchecked { myNumber++; } } Gas used: 24,347 (much cheaper than using safe math) Warning: Use unchecked carefully. Only when you're confident there's no risk of overflow. 3. Turn On the Solidity Optimizer The Solidity Optimizer is like a smart helper that cleans up and tightens your compiled bytecode. It does not change how your contract works, but it removes waste and makes it cheaper to run. If you’re using tools like Hardhat or Remix, always enable the Optimizer before deploying to mainnet. 4. Use uint256 Instead of Smaller Integers (Most of the Time) Smaller types like uint8 or uint16 might look more efficient, but they can cost more gas during execution. That’s because the EVM automatically converts them to uint256 behind the scenes. So, if you're not tightly p

This is a submission for the GitHub Finish-Up-A-Thon Challenge What I Built I built and revived Mandi Central , a complete business operations and billing system for mandi-style trading businesses. Live Project: https://mandicentral.in Mandi Central helps manage daily mandi operations like purchases, farmer purchase entries, sales entries, payments, bank and cash ledgers, accounting heads, reports, invoices, outstanding balances, and financial statements from one structured platform. This project was not started as a simple demo. It was a real business-focused software project, but it had many unfinished parts, broken flows, missing reports, pending PDF generation, incomplete mobile API planning, and several UI and accounting issues. For the GitHub Finish-Up-A-Thon Challenge, I brought it back, fixed the pending issues, completed the core business flow, and made the project live on mandicentral.in . Demo Live Website: https://mandicentral.in GitHub Repository: https://github.com/hiijoshi/bill Screenshots and demo cover the completed modules: Business Operations Hub Sales List Bank reconciliation Cash ledger Bank ledger Sales entry Purchase entry Farmer purchase entry Bulk PDF download Accounting reports Party ledger redirection Outstanding reports Mobile API-ready backend The Comeback Story Mandi Central started with a strong idea: create one platform where mandi businesses can manage their complete daily workflow. But before this challenge, the project was stuck with many incomplete and pending items. There were more than 40 pending issues across PDF generation, sales invoices, bank ledger, cash ledger, accounting reports, outstanding reports, purchase calculations, sales calculations, mobile APIs, AWS deployment, domain setup, and UI fixes. Some of the major problems before completion were: PDF generation was not working properly. Bulk sales bill download was missing. Mobile application APIs were pending. Farmer Purchase Entry API was pending. Purchase Entry API w

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