标签：#ha

Most explanations of BIP39 and Shamir's Secret Sharing (SSS) stop at "here's what they do." I wanted to understand how they actually work under the hood, and more importantly, how they'd combine in a real system — specifically, censorship-resistant recovery of Bitcoin keys through a network of trusted guardians, where no single person, device, or institution should ever hold enough to reconstruct someone's keys alone. Here's what I worked through. The problem guardian-based recovery solves A Bitcoin wallet's security model has an uncomfortable tradeoff: hold your own keys and a single point of failure (device loss, death, coercion) can be catastrophic; hand custody to an institution and you've reintroduced the exact counterparty risk self-custody was meant to remove. Guardian-based recovery is the middle path — trusted parties each hold a fragment of the recovery material, with no single fragment being useful on its own. Two primitives make this practical, and they operate at different layers of the problem: BIP39 and SSS. BIP39: encoding entropy as something a human can reliably transcribe BIP39 doesn't generate a key — it encodes existing entropy into a human-transcribable form with built-in error detection. The process: Generate entropy: a cryptographically secure random bit string of 128, 160, 192, 224, or 256 bits. Compute SHA-256 of that entropy and take the first ENT/32 bits as a checksum (4 bits for 128-bit entropy, up to 8 bits for 256-bit entropy). Append the checksum to the entropy. The combined length is always divisible by 11. Split into 11-bit chunks (2^11 = 2048, matching the wordlist size) and map each chunk to a word. The checksum is the detail that matters most once you think about this as part of a real recovery flow: it means a single-word transcription error is very likely caught immediately during validation, rather than silently producing a different — but still structurally valid — seed. That's the difference between "recovery failed, check y

Hey HN, I built Superserve, a compute layer that lets AI agents live inside isolated Firecracker microVMs with no session time limits. The problem I kept running into: most sandbox providers kill your agent after 24 hours. If you're running something autonomous that needs to work for days — refactoring a codebase, running tests in a loop — you're constantly fighting timeouts and rebuilding state. Superserve lets you snapshot a running VM at any point, fork it into parallel branches, and resume e

The cybersecurity-focused models, including GPT-5.6 Sol, broke out of a testing sandbox, exploited a zero-day, and gained access to the open internet to pull off the attack.