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How to approach hard problems — first principles thinking for engineers First principles thinking is a powerful engineering method for solving hard problems by stripping away assumptions, reducing a system to fundamental truths, and reasoning back up to a solution from those truths. In practice, it helps you avoid cargo-cult design, debug faster, and make architecture decisions based on invariants instead of habit. What it is First principles thinking means asking: what do we know for certain, what is merely assumed, and what must be true for this system to work? Instead of copying a known pattern because it worked somewhere else, you decompose the problem into constraints, facts, resources, and failure modes, then build the simplest solution that satisfies them. For engineers, this is especially useful when the problem is novel, the stakes are high, or the decision is hard to reverse. Core method Use this loop: Define the problem precisely. List facts and constraints. Separate assumptions from evidence. Reduce the system to fundamentals. Ask why repeatedly until you hit a root cause or invariant. Rebuild the solution from those fundamentals. Test the smallest thing that can prove or disprove your reasoning. A useful engineering question is: “What must be true for this to work?” because it forces you to identify invariants before picking tools or patterns. System design example Suppose you need to design a notification service. Start with fundamentals: What is the work? Deliver messages reliably. What are the entities? Users, notifications, delivery attempts. What changes over time? Notification status, retry count, recipient preferences. What must never break? A user should not receive duplicate critical alerts, and failed deliveries should be visible. What happens under load? Queueing, retries, and backpressure become essential. From there, the architecture follows the requirements rather than fashion. If the real constraint is reliable delivery under bursty traff

submitted by /u/Sengchor [link] [留言]

Hello everyone, I’m trying to host a React (Vite) app on GitHub Pages and keep running into the classic SPA routing problem. Repo: [Img2Num GitHub repo]( https://github.com/Ryan-Millard/Img2Num/ ) Live site: [Img2Num GitHub Pages]( https://ryan-millard.github.io/Img2Num/ ) The app is bascally a small landing page for the project that shows an example of how the library can be used, but it uses React Router (BrowserRouter). Everything works fine when navigating inside the app, but: - Refreshing any route other than / results in a 404 - Directly visiting a nested route also 404s - GitHub Pages clearly doesn’t handle SPA fallback routing Many people have suggested these: - Use HashRouter - Add a 404.html fallback hack - Switch to another host (e.g., Clouflare Pages) but I don't like those options because they are either not well-structured and SEO-friendly, not a complete solution, or make it harder to test global support (Cloudflare Pages allows special headers for things like pthreads that GitHub Pages and many other JS setups don't support). What I’m trying to do instead is something like static site generation (SSG) as it would likely be the cleanest fix - similar to how Docusaurus or Astro handles this: - Pre-render routes at build time - Serve static HTML for /, /docs, etc. - No client-side routing dependency for initial load - Better SEO and no refresh issues This saves use from needing to have a fancy backend. When I try setting up SSG with Vite & React, I end up failing I've tried things like `vite-plugin-ssg`, but run into strange behaviours and errors that I cannot seem to be able to fix (e.g., an incompatible dependency that, also breaks when downgraded). I don’t fully understand the correct architecture for multi-route SSG in a React SPA setup. --- What is the correct modern approach for this and is there a recommended way to keep React & Vite, deploy to GitHub Pages, get proper multi-route support without hash routing, and avoid SPA 404 refresh issues ent

Hi ! I would like to know, for all the freelancer, how do you find clients ? submitted by /u/Klutzy-Badger-2778 [link] [留言]

A new verification step submitted by /u/mikeplus10 [link] [留言]

While AI is helping coders produce code faster, it may not be producing better code, researchers warn. And that could cause problems down the road for them.

This is a submission for the Hermes Agent Challenge What I Built Onyx is an autonomous infrastructure operator running 24/7 on my droplet. He manages my entire stack: 6 Next.js deployments, 5 Docker containers, a Minecraft server, fail2ban, Nginx, and UFW. He also helps me write my undergraduate thesis. The difference from every other "AI agent" project I've seen: Onyx doesn't wait for commands. He surfaces problems, patches vulnerabilities, and pushes work forward on his own. When I wake up, there's a session log waiting for me, not a to-do list. The core idea: graduate an AI agent from assistant to operator . A chatbot with tools bolted on doesn't cut it. I wanted something that runs infrastructure while I'm eating dinner, asleep, or in class. Demo Onyx operates through Discord. A normal week: 🔴 3 AM — gateway process failure, no wake-up required A gateway process had a stale PID. Onyx detected it, diagnosed the root cause, restarted it cleanly, and wrote a session log. I found out in the morning. Zero human intervention, zero downtime. 🟡 Dinner — 9 CVEs found across Docker containers While I was eating, Onyx ran a routine audit, found 9 CVEs, rebuilt 3 container images from fresh base images, patched Python dependencies, hardened fail2ban (ban time: 600s to 24 hours), and verified every container came back healthy. 🟢 "Fix it" — two words, full tunneling deployment My friends in Indonesia couldn't connect to the Minecraft server because their ISPs use carrier-grade NAT. I sent Onyx "fix it." He researched solutions, selected playit.gg, installed the tunneling agent, configured a systemd service, and optimized TCP keepalive parameters. All autonomous. 🧠 Accountability loop Onyx noticed I kept asking for things but not acting on the output. He surfaced it: "You keep opening new loops and not closing them." He was right. Now when I open a loop, Onyx tracks it until it's closed or explicitly shelved. 📚 Thesis research partner I'm finishing my undergraduate thesis on e

Genera la tua prima fattura elettronica XML per lo SDI in TypeScript (in 10 minuti) Se hai mai dovuto integrare la fatturazione elettronica italiana in un progetto Node.js, sai già quanto è scomodo: specifiche FatturaPA di 200 pagine, regole cross-field non documentate, codici errore SDI criptici, e librerie npm o abbandonate o in PHP. Questo articolo mostra come generare un XML valido per il Sistema di Interscambio (SDI) usando fattura-elettronica-sdi-builder , una libreria TypeScript open-source che copre B2B (FPR12) e Pubblica Amministrazione (FPA12). Installazione npm install fattura-elettronica-sdi-builder Nessuna dipendenza pesante. La validazione è custom e tipizzata, zero runtime esterni. Il flusso in tre funzioni La libreria espone tre funzioni pubbliche che si usano sempre in sequenza: import { applyDefaults , validate , buildXml } from ' fattura-elettronica-sdi-builder ' ; Funzione Input Output applyDefaults(input) FatturaElettronicaInput (campi deducibili opzionali) FatturaElettronica completa validate(fattura) FatturaElettronica Result<void, ValidationError> buildXml(fattura, options?) FatturaElettronica Result<string, BuildError> Tutte le funzioni restituiscono un Result<T, E> — mai eccezioni non gestite: type Result < T , E > = | { ok : true ; value : T } | { ok : false ; error : E } Esempio completo: fattura B2B con IVA ordinaria Genera una fattura TD01 da una Srl italiana a un cliente italiano, IVA al 22%, pagamento con bonifico. import { applyDefaults , validate , buildXml } from ' fattura-elettronica-sdi-builder ' ; import type { FatturaElettronicaInput } from ' fattura-elettronica-sdi-builder ' ; import { writeFileSync } from ' fs ' ; const input : FatturaElettronicaInput = { FatturaElettronicaHeader : { DatiTrasmissione : { ProgressivoInvio : ' 00001 ' , CodiceDestinatario : ' ABC1234 ' , // 7 caratteri per FPR12 }, CedentePrestatore : { DatiAnagrafici : { IdFiscaleIVA : { IdPaese : ' IT ' , IdCodice : ' 01234567890 ' }, Anagrafica : { Denominaz

If you manage PostgreSQL databases across multiple environments, you've probably done this: SSH to the DB host (or connect via psql ) Run CREATE USER jsmith CONNECTION LIMIT 20 PASSWORD '...' Slack the password to the developer Forget to log it anywhere Repeat for every environment, every onboarding, every access request It's tedious, error-prone, and leaves zero audit trail. Here's a better way. What I Built pg-user-api is a lightweight Flask REST API that wraps PostgreSQL user provisioning in clean HTTP endpoints. You register your databases once in a SQLite inventory, then any tooling — CI pipelines, internal portals, Ansible playbooks, or a plain curl — can create and manage users across environments without ever touching psql . GitHub: pcraavi/PostgreSQL-user-creation-API The Problem It Solves In teams that span dev, QA, UAT, and prod, you end up with different patterns of users: App service accounts — named after the host/port combo ( web01_8080 ) Kubernetes workload accounts — named after env prefix + farm ( dv_gearservice ) Individual dev/QA accounts — low connection limits, scoped to non-prod Read-only analyst accounts — prod only, no DDL DBA accounts — CREATEDB CREATEROLE LOGIN , rarely provisioned Each type has different CONNECTION LIMIT values, privilege levels, and naming conventions. Encoding these patterns in an API means the rules are consistent, repeatable, and auditable. Architecture The project is intentionally small — five Python files and a requirements list: pg_user_api/ ├── app.py # Flask app — all endpoints ├── auth.py # HTTP Basic Auth (constant-time compare) ├── database.py # SQLite registry + audit log ├── notifications.py # Notification stubs (Webex / Slack / Email) ├── seed_db.py # One-time setup: creates DB + sample records └── requirements.txt Two credential pairs, clearly separated: PG_API_USER / PG_API_PASS — who can call this API (your team/tooling) PG_ADMIN_USER / PG_ADMIN_PASS — the PostgreSQL DBA role that executes DDL The DBA cr

This is a submission for the GitHub Finish-Up-A-Thon Challenge What I Built GlowStore — a full-stack MERN e-commerce store (React + Redux + Express + MongoDB). Back in 2023 I built this as my university Web Engineering final project. I ran out of time, handed in what I had, and never touched it again. When I reopened it for this challenge I found something funny: the backend was basically finished — JWT auth, products, orders, reviews, search — but the React frontend never actually talked to it. It was a good-looking shell with fake logic bolted on. So "finishing it" meant connecting the two halves and making it a real store you can actually shop in. Repo: https://github.com/hashaam-011/Web-Engineering Demo Before — the entire app was just a fake login screen. Typing anything (or nothing) and clicking "Log in" flipped a boolean and "logged you in": After — a working storefront with products from the database: A real product detail page (was literally <h1>DetailsPages</h1> before): You can run it yourself in two terminals (no database setup needed — it boots an in-memory MongoDB and seeds itself): cd backend && npm install && npm start # http://localhost:4000 npm install && npm start # http://localhost:3000 Demo login: user@example.com / 123456 — or register a new account. The Comeback Story Here's what the project looked like before , and what I changed: Before After Login dispatched a boolean and ignored your credentials Real login/register against the API with JWT + bcrypt Frontend never called the backend (no axios anywhere) Axios client with token injection; products load from MongoDB Product details page was <h1>DetailsPages</h1> and wasn't routed Full details page (image, price, stock, rating) routed by slug Cart was local-only; "checkout" button did nothing Persistent cart → checkout → real order placed and saved Backend had a reviews endpoint the UI never used Product reviews: read them and post your own with a star rating Only 3 routes; most of the app was

Daily Learning part twenty-two. I haven't been active in three days due to Eid Al‑Adha. On Tuesday I went to my family house, where we go once in a while. We call it the family house because that's where my grandmother, uncles, aunts, and cousins live. I didn't bring my laptop with me because I wanted to spend some time with my family, which I haven't done in months. I stayed there for the two days of Eid. Today I came back by bus. I was supposed to arrive at 17:00, but due to traffic I arrived at 18:40. When I arrived I ate a small sandwich and got back to work. I started the session at 19:30. The first thing I did was complete the HTML Tables section. It was difficult to learn (at least for me). It covered HTML Tables, Table Borders, Table Sizes, Table Headers, Padding & Spacing, Colspan & Rowspan, Table Styling, Table Colgroup, Exercises, and finally the Code Challenge. Then I did a quiz and the Unit 2 test in Khan Academy and also completed one lesson in Unit 3. Now I have started a Tic‑Tac‑Toe challenge in Python. I watched a video on the minimax algorithm, which the game uses. I have started coding, but I am far from finishing it. I am ending today's session at 23:40. Eid Al‑Adha Mubarak to all Muslims. "Speak good or remain silent." Prophet Muhammed (peace be upon him)

I'm a maxillofacial surgeon in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso — and a self-taught builder who's been coding since medical school. Over evenings and weekends, I shipped Readium — a production AI reading app that lets you discuss books with Claude while you read them, in any language. Built AI-paired with Claude, reviewed and deployed by me. Most "I shipped an AI app" write-ups cover the happy path: clone a starter, glue an LLM, deploy to Vercel. The walls I hit weren't there. They were in the spaces between the libraries. Here are five of them — and what I'd tell myself a few weeks ago. Wall 1 — SSE streaming broke at the seam between the LLM and the browser I assumed streaming "just worked" once OpenRouter returned a stream. It does — until your server-side handler, your reverse proxy, or your browser code introduces a buffer somewhere along the path. The chain has at least three places where buffering can silently kill streaming: The LLM API (fine on its own) Your Node server-side handler (fine if you forward chunks instead of accumulating them) The reverse proxy / CDN (often buffers entire responses by default) The failure mode is always the same: the UI looks exactly like the LLM is slow. It isn't — somewhere between OpenRouter and the browser, bytes are being withheld until the connection closes, then dumped in one chunk. What I'd tell past-me: streaming isn't a feature of the LLM, it's a property of your entire request path. If you can't watch tokens land character-by-character in curl -N against your origin, you don't have streaming, you have a slow non-stream pretending. Set Cache-Control: no-transform and X-Accel-Buffering: no headers from your handler, disable response buffering on every layer in front of it, and verify with curl -N before you trust the UI. Wall 2 — fetch hangs forever on certain hosts (and the fix isn't where you think) I had a proxy route that fetched from an external API. Worked locally. Worked in staging. Deployed to production: the route wo

I have a PHP and MySQL website that I built myself and I want to make an app for my website. I am currently running an app with website2native app or hybrid if you know what that is. Do you recommend me learning a language like Dart to make apps or should I focus on PHP? submitted by /u/FarrisFahad [link] [留言]

Question from the title. For years and years I have a recognizable style of making UI and I have experienced that people think that those applications/sites were generated by AI even though this is not true, and some applications were made before gpt 3.5 and before the commercialization of LLM. I have always tried to make the design look modern and the fact is that LLMs were trained in such a style and that is why we come to such a problem. submitted by /u/Excellent-Article937 [link] [留言]

Hello, How can I implement a component overlay, like a dropdown or popover, so it escapes its parent container instead of being clipped, hidden, or expanding the parent layout? I managed to do it with getBoundingClientRect(), store the position in state and apply it as fixed positinioning. Even though it seems to work, wonder if there is a better solution. Thank you. submitted by /u/prois99 [link] [留言]

Im a beginner trying to create a website for my luxery home staging business. I tried using templates in canva but hate how generic it looks and find it very limiting Is there a better way ro use canva? What combination of tools would help me create an editorial style website. Would be nice if there were some AI tools i could use in conjunction to make some of the work easier . submitted by /u/Grand_Respect_9176 [link] [留言]

A practical 5-10 minute checklist for vetting npm dependencies before adding them to production. It focuses on provenance attestations, install scripts, CI quality signals, maintainer responsiveness, and security handling. submitted by /u/OtherwisePush6424 [link] [留言]

Hello Dev Community 👋 I recently built my first web project called Namastra — a simple tool to explore the meanings, origins, and insights behind names. 👉 Live Demo: 💡 Why I built this I noticed that many people are curious about: What their name means Where their name comes from What personality or cultural meaning it carries But most websites are: Too slow Full of ads Hard to navigate So I decided to build something simple, fast, and clean. ⚙️ What Namastra does With Namastra, users can: 🔍 Search any name instantly 📖 Get meaning and origin 🌍 Learn cultural background ⚡ Use a clean and fast interface 🛠️ Tech Stack I built this project using: HTML CSS JavaScript GitHub (version control) Netlify (deployment) Hosted here: [Netlify] Code managed via: [GitHub] 🚧 Challenges I faced As a beginner developer, I faced challenges like: Designing a clean UI Making search functionality smooth Deploying with GitHub + Netlify Structuring data properly But I learned a lot through building it step by step. 🎯 What I learned How to build and deploy a full project How important UI simplicity is How real users think differently than developers How deployment pipelines work (GitHub → Netlify) 🚀 Future improvements I plan to add: More name data Better UI design Categories (religion, origin, country) Possibly AI-based name insights 🙌 Feedback welcome This is my first real web project, so I’d really appreciate your feedback and suggestions. Try it here: 👉 Thanks for reading ❤️ Happy coding!

I like to make userScripts and userStyles for myself. I've begrudgingly dealt with Shadow DOM here before, and it's nothing but a pain in the ass. However, now I'm seeing a userStyle that I'm trying to apply being removed immediately as it's applied (using Stylus). What is the mechanism behind this? Other styles from the same style sheet are still being honored. The element still has the same root, and is still be matched by the rules's selector. What might be the way this is achieved? https://youtu.be/YgbOrfel604 (Chromium 124.0.6367.61 (Official Build) (64-bit)) submitted by /u/svArtist [link] [留言]

Most indie hackers I know spend an embarrassing amount of time on the naming part. We argue with ourselves over the perfect .com, eventually settle for some janky combo of words with random consonants ripped out, and ship a domain we secretly don't love. There's a quieter option a lot of builders haven't seriously considered: .Vegas. It's a geographic TLD, but it does NOT require you to be in Las Vegas or build anything Vegas-related. What it does give you is a TLD that sounds bigger than it costs, reads as memorable, and is still wide open in 2026. I went down a small rabbit hole this week looking at side-project ideas that would have an almost unfair head start on .Vegas. Here are five. 1. A weekend trip planner Domain: weekend.vegas or trip.vegas This is the lowest-hanging fruit and I'm honestly surprised nobody's built it yet. A tiny webapp that takes a Friday-to-Sunday window and spits back a fully booked itinerary: flight, hotel, two restaurant reservations, one show, one activity. Three clicks, done. Why it works on .Vegas: the domain is the elevator pitch. Nobody needs to read your tagline. The URL bar tells you what the product does. That's worth more than most landing-page copy will ever earn. 2. A bachelor/bachelorette party coordinator Domain: bach.vegas , party.vegas , last.vegas Group-trip coordination is genuinely awful. Splitwise + a group chat + a shared Notion doc + that one friend who keeps forgetting to Venmo back. There's room for a niche product here that handles the deposit splits, the "who's in for the cabana" upsells, and the inevitable last-minute flight changes. Why it works on .Vegas: the URL doubles as a tagline. You don't have to explain what kind of trip it's for. 3. A booking aggregator for shows and residencies Domain: shows.vegas , tonight.vegas Caesars, MGM, Live Nation, AXS, Vivid Seats, the venue's own ticketing system — finding a good show on a specific Tuesday night is a pain. A scraper-backed booking aggregator that's honest a