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GitHub Copilot CLI for Beginners: Overview of common slash commands
GitHub Copilot CLI for Beginners: Learn how to use slash commands to control your terminal AI agent. The post GitHub Copilot CLI for Beginners: Overview of common slash commands appeared first on The GitHub Blog .
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Java Interface
today we discuss about Interface in Java. first we understand the concept with simple Analogy, Imagine you go to a shop and buy items. in a bill counter, the shop keeper care about only one thing. The customer paid the Money or not. The shopkeeper does NOT care about how you pay the money, UPI Debit Card Cash They only thing is payment paid in successfully. Here a interface acts like a Rule in billing counter. It only defines what must be done, not how it should be done. Different payment methods follow the same rule, but each one works in its own way. The shopkeeper does not need to change anything in the billing counter. No matter how the customer pays, the system works the same. so, i follow this analogy and using a example for this blog. What is Interface? (in GeeksforGeeks) An interface in Java is a blueprint that defines a set of methods a class must implement without providing full implementation details. It helps achieve abstraction by focusing on what a class should do rather than how it does it. Interfaces also support multiple inheritance in Java. A class must implement all abstract methods of an interface. All variables in an interface are public, static, and final by default. Interfaces can have default, static, and private methods first create a interface file Payment.java public interface Payment { void pay ( int amount ); } here we create a method but not defined that method This is the shop rule. “Anyone wants to pay must follow one rule → pay the amount.” The shop does not explain how you pay, only thing is you must pay. next we create another file for Different Customers, class CardPayment implements Payment { public void pay ( int amount ) { System . out . println ( "Paid ₹" + amount + " using Card" ); } } class UpiPayment implements Payment { public void pay ( int amount ) { System . out . println ( "Paid ₹" + amount + " using UPI" ); } } class CashPayment implements Payment { public void pay ( int amount ) { System . out . println ( "Paid ₹" +
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LND Explained: A Developer's Intro to Bitcoin's Lightning Network Daemon
You've heard of Bitcoin. You've maybe heard of the Lightning Network. But what exactly is LND, and why should developers care? Let's break it down — technically, but from the ground up. The Problem: Bitcoin is Superb but Slow Bitcoin's base layer — the blockchain itself — is intentionally slow. Every transaction must be broadcast to thousands of nodes, verified, and bundled into a block that gets mined roughly every 10 minutes . The network handles about 7 transactions per second (TPS). Compare that to Visa's ~24,000 TPS and you quickly see the problem. Bitcoin in its raw form isn't built for buying coffee, splitting a bill, or paying a freelancer in real time. But there's a solution — and it lives on top of Bitcoin. Enter the Lightning Network The Lightning Network is a Layer 2 (L2) payment protocol built on top of Bitcoin. Instead of recording every single payment on the blockchain, it lets two parties open a private payment channel, transact off-chain as many times as they want, and only settle the final balance on-chain when they're done. Think of it like running a tab at a bar: Opening the tab = one blockchain transaction Each round of drinks = instant off-chain payment Closing the tab = one final blockchain transaction The result? Near-instant payments, near-zero fees, and massive throughput — without sacrificing Bitcoin's security. What is LND ? LND stands for Lightning Network Daemon. It's the most widely used implementation of the Lightning Network protocol, built and maintained by Lightning Labs. Key facts for developers: Written in Go 🐹 Exposes a gRPC API (port 10009) and a REST API (port 8080) Controlled via a CLI called lncli Uses macaroons for authentication (think JWT, but for Lightning) Connects to a Bitcoin node (bitcoind or btcd) as its source of truth Other Lightning implementations exist — like Core Lightning (CLN) and Eclair — but LND has the largest developer ecosystem and is the best entry point. How LND Fits Into the Stack Here's the architec
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Day 31 of learning MERN Stack
Hello Dev Community! 👋 It is officially Day 31 — stepping straight into my second month of documented full-stack engineering! Fresh off the 30-day milestone yesterday, I decided to keep the engineering momentum high by building a classic browser game: Rock, Paper, Scissors using HTML5, CSS3, and vanilla JavaScript. After mastering API integration yesterday, today was about refinement—handling dynamic score states, tracking user choices, and creating a clean automated opponent engine. 🛠️ The Core Logic Architecture To make the game interactive and clean, I divided the code structure into distinct logical components: 1. Capturing User Selection I assigned the choices (rock, paper, scissors) to clickable image/div nodes in the layout. Instead of writing repetitive lines, I used a forEach array loop to attach an addEventListener("click", ...) to each choice, pulling the user's explicit selection instantly via DOM attributes. 2. The Computer's Automated AI Brain Since a computer cannot pick words, I mapped out an array of strings: ["rock", "paper", "scissors"] . I then utilized JavaScript's math utility library to generate a randomized index number: javascript const genCompChoice = () => { const options = ["rock", "paper", "scissors"]; const randIdx = Math.floor(Math.random() * 3); return options[randIdx]; };
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Docker Security Best Practices for Beginners
Docker is a game-changer for developers—making it easier to package, ship, and run applications. But with great power comes great responsibility. Whether you're running containers in development or production, security should never be an afterthought . In this post, I'll walk you through beginner-friendly Docker security practices that will help you build safer containers from the start. No enterprise jargon—just practical, actionable tips. Why Care About Docker Security? Containers may feel isolated, but they share the host OS kernel. This means: A compromised container could lead to host compromise. Vulnerabilities in container images can be exploited. Misconfigured containers can unintentionally expose sensitive data or ports. Docker Security Best Practices for Beginners This post is a follow-up to my previous article, Docker Like a Pro: Essential Commands and Tips , where we explored fundamental Docker commands and tips. Building upon that foundation, this guide focuses on essential security practices to help you build safer containers from the start. Docker has revolutionized the way developers build, ship, and run applications. However, with great power comes great responsibility. Whether you're running containers in development or production, security should never be an afterthought. In this post, I'll walk you through beginner-friendly Docker security practices that will help you build safer containers from the start. No enterprise jargon—just practical, actionable tips. Why Care About Docker Security? Containers may feel isolated, but they share the host OS kernel. This means: A compromised container could lead to host compromise. Vulnerabilities in container images can be exploited. Misconfigured containers can unintentionally expose sensitive data or ports. 1. Use Official Images When Possible Start by pulling images from Docker Hub’s verified publishers or official repositories. Use this: docker pull node:18 Not this (could be outdated or malicious): doc
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Picking a Phone Verification Method: SMS, Flash Call, Phone Call, and Data Verification
When your app needs to confirm that a user actually owns the phone number they gave you, the pattern looks the same from the outside: send something to the device, user usually confirms it. Under that surface, there are four distinct approaches using phone and carrier networks, each with different security characteristics, user experiences, and requirements. The right one depends on your context. If you want the implementation side, the Sinch Verification API is a good starting point. I've covered the code in detail in Phone-Based User Verification in TypeScript and Python . The four methods Method Delivery User action Requires mobile data SMS OTP Text message Read and type a numeric code (auto-fill possible on Android) No Flash Call Missed call (caller ID is the code) None (Android SDK) / Enter caller ID (iOS, web) No Phone Call Verification Inbound phone call Listen and type a numeric code No Data Verification Carrier network check None Yes The differences matter more than they appear in that table. SMS OTP The default choice for most apps. It works on any phone, any network, over Wi-Fi or cellular. Your users already know what to do with a six-digit code. Delivery is global, the integration is straightforward, and it pairs with any backend. On Android, the SMS Retriever API makes auto-fill possible: the mobile SDK can read the incoming message and fill the code without user input, if your app implements it. Most apps don't, so users typically still read and type the code manually. The trade-off is that a code the user can read is a code that can be relayed, whether by accident or by a phishing page. For most consumer flows that's an acceptable trade. For account recovery or financial transactions, you may want to weigh methods where no code changes hands at all. Flash Call A call is placed to the user's number and immediately disconnected. The incoming caller ID is the verification code. On Android, the mobile SDK can intercept the caller ID automatically, comple
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Build a Private AI App Platform with Dify and Ollama
Build custom AI apps - chatbots, RAG pipelines, and agents - entirely on your own hardware with Dify and Ollama. No monthly fees, no data leaving your network. What You Need A GPU with 12GB+ VRAM (RTX 3060 12GB or better) Docker + Docker Compose 2.24.0+ About 20 minutes Architecture Component Role Dify Visual app builder, RAG engine, agent framework, API layer Ollama Serves local models via OpenAI-compatible API Qwen3 14B Default model - strong general chat, fits 12GB at Q4 Setup Step 1: Start Ollama docker run -d --gpus all -p 11434:11434 --name ollama \ -v ollama:/root/.ollama \ ollama/ollama Pull your default model: docker exec ollama ollama pull qwen3:14b Step 2: Start Dify git clone https://github.com/langgenius/dify.git cd dify/docker cp .env.example .env docker compose up -d Step 3: Connect Ollama to Dify Open http://localhost/install and create your admin account Go to Settings > Model Provider Click Ollama and fill in: Model Name: qwen3:14b Base URL: http://host.docker.internal:11434 (Docker Desktop) or http://YOUR_IP:11434 (Linux) Click Save Build Your First App Chatbot Studio > Create Application > Chatbot. Select your model, add a system prompt, publish. Your chatbot gets a public URL and API endpoint. RAG Pipeline Knowledge > Create Knowledge. Upload documents, choose chunking strategy, create an app that uses this knowledge base. Now your chatbot answers from your documents. Agent Studio > Create Application > Agent. Add tools (web search, code interpreter), give it a goal, Dify orchestrates the tool calls. Cost vs Cloud Local Dify Cloud + OpenAI Monthly $0 $59-599 + API usage Hardware ~$300 once $0 Data privacy Stays on your machine Sent to cloud AI calls Unlimited, free Per-token billing After about 5 months the GPU has paid for itself versus a mid-tier Dify Cloud plan. Full guide with detailed troubleshooting and alternatives: https://everylocalai.com/stack/dify-ollama-local-app-builder
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CKA Overview & Exam Pattern: The Kubernetes Certification That Actually Tests Your Skills
🚀 CKA Exam Overview: What Every Kubernetes Engineer Should Know Before Starting If you're working in DevOps, Cloud Engineering, Platform Engineering, or SRE, chances are you've heard about the Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) certification. But here's what surprises most people: ⚠️ There are no multiple-choice questions. You get a real Kubernetes environment and must perform actual administrative tasks within a limited time. That makes the CKA one of the most practical certifications in the cloud-native ecosystem. 📋 CKA Exam Pattern Category Details Exam Type Performance-Based Duration 2 Hours Environment Live Kubernetes Cluster Passing Score ~66% Proctoring Online Remote Proctored Difficulty Intermediate to Advanced 🎯 Core Domains 1️⃣ Cluster Architecture, Installation & Configuration Cluster setup Control Plane components Certificate management Cluster upgrades 2️⃣ Workloads & Scheduling Deployments StatefulSets DaemonSets Jobs & CronJobs 3️⃣ Services & Networking Services Ingress DNS Network Policies 4️⃣ Storage Persistent Volumes Persistent Volume Claims Storage Classes 5️⃣ Troubleshooting Node failures Pod failures Control Plane issues Network troubleshooting Why CKA Matters in 2026 Modern organizations running workloads on AWS, Azure, and GCP increasingly rely on Kubernetes. A certified administrator demonstrates the ability to: ✅ Manage production clusters ✅ Troubleshoot incidents efficiently ✅ Maintain reliability and scalability ✅ Support cloud-native application deployments These skills directly align with DevOps and SRE responsibilities. My 90-Day CKA Challenge I'm beginning a structured 90-day CKA preparation journey. Over the next few months, I'll share: Study notes Lab exercises Troubleshooting scenarios Exam strategies Kubernetes tips & tricks Real-world DevOps and SRE learnings Discussion Time 👇 If you've already taken the CKA: 👉 What was the hardest section for you? If you're preparing: 👉 What's your biggest challenge right now? Let's learn
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Tokens: Why ChatGPT Can't Count the R's in 'Strawberry'
You see words. A language model sees tokens — chunks of text, usually a few characters each. Everything starts here. Day 2 of my AIFromZero series. Text gets shattered into tokens "unbelievable" → ["un", "bel", "iev", "able"] (4 tokens, not 1 word, not 12 letters) Before any "thinking", your text is chopped into tokens and each becomes a number the model processes. Why not words or letters? Letters : too fine — the model would relearn spelling everywhere. Whole words : too many — millions, plus every typo and name. Subword tokens : the sweet spot. Common words = 1 token; rare words split into reusable pieces. A fixed ~100k-token vocabulary covers any text. The ~4-chars rule (and why it costs you) In English, ~4 characters ≈ 1 token , or ~0.75 tokens per word. This is how everything is priced and limited: API bills are per token (prompt + reply). A "context window" (how much it can read at once) is measured in tokens — 1,000 tokens ≈ 750 words. Verbose prompts and long chat history burn tokens. Concise prompting is a real cost lever. The strawberry problem The model never sees s-t-r-a-w-b-e-r-r-y. It sees a token like straw + berry . The individual letters are buried inside tokens, so counting characters is genuinely hard for it. It's not dumb — it just doesn't read letters. Tokens are step 1 of everything Tokenize → turn each token into a vector (embeddings, next) → run through the transformer → predict the next token. Every LLM starts exactly here. 🔤 Type anything and watch it tokenize live: https://dev48v.infy.uk/ai/days/day2-tokens.html Day 2 of AIFromZero.
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I Built Minesweeper in ~50 Lines — the Only Hard Part Is Flood-Fill
Minesweeper feels intricate — numbers, cascading reveals, flags. Build it and you find it's a grid, a neighbour count, and one recursive function . This is Day 6 of my GameFromZero series. Each cell holds four facts const cell = { mine : false , open : false , flag : false , n : 0 }; n = how many of the 8 neighbours are mines. That number is all the player gets to reason about. Count neighbours once After scattering mines randomly, precompute every non-mine cell's n : let n = 0 ; neighbours ( r , c , ( rr , cc ) => { if ( cells [ rr ][ cc ]. mine ) n ++ ; }); cell . n = n ; Flood-fill is the whole trick When you open a cell with zero neighbouring mines, there's nothing dangerous nearby — so auto-open all 8 neighbours, and if any of those are also zero, they cascade. That's why one click can clear half the board. It's recursion: function open ( r , c ) { const cell = cells [ r ][ c ]; if ( cell . open || cell . flag ) return ; // base case cell . open = true ; if ( cell . n === 0 ) neighbours ( r , c , ( rr , cc ) => open ( rr , cc )); // recurse } This is the same algorithm behind the paint-bucket tool and maze region-filling. Flags + win/lose Right-click toggles a flag (and blocks accidental opens). Click a mine → lose. Win when opened cells = total − mines: if ( cell . mine ) gameOver (); if ( opened === R * C - M ) win (); That's the entire game. Master the state-step-draw loop once and every classic — Snake, Pong, Tetris, 2048, Minesweeper — is an evening each. ▶️ Play it + read the step-by-step breakdown: https://dev48v.infy.uk/game/day6-minesweeper.html Day 6 of GameFromZero.
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I Built 'Chat With Your Docs' From Scratch — Supabase + pgvector + a Free Local Embedder
"Chat with your PDF / your notes / your docs" is everywhere. Today we build it from scratch and you'll see it's just three moves : retrieve, then generate — with one prompt trick that stops the hallucinations. This is Day 46 of TechFromZero. Yesterday (Day 45) we built the retrieval half with pgvector. Today we add the answer half and host it on Supabase. RAG in one line Find the relevant chunks of your documents, paste them into the prompt, and tell the model to answer using only those. That's Retrieval-Augmented Generation. The "augmented" part is just stuffing real context into the prompt so the model isn't guessing from memory. 1. Storage: Supabase is Postgres, so pgvector is one click Supabase is hosted Postgres with an auto-generated API. Because it's just Postgres , vector search needs no separate database: create extension if not exists vector ; create table documents ( id bigserial primary key , content text , embedding vector ( 384 ) ); -- one RPC the app calls to get the closest chunks create function match_documents ( query_embedding vector ( 384 ), match_count int ) returns table ( id bigint , content text , similarity float ) language sql stable as $$ select id , content , 1 - ( embedding <=> query_embedding ) as similarity from documents order by embedding <=> query_embedding limit match_count ; $$ ; 2. Ingest: chunk → embed → store Split your docs into paragraph-sized chunks, embed each with a free local model (all-MiniLM-L6-v2 via Transformers.js — no key, nothing leaves your machine), and insert the row + vector: const embedding = await embed ( chunk ); // 384 numbers await supabase . from ( " documents " ). insert ({ content : chunk , embedding }); Chunk size matters: too big buries the answer in noise, too small loses meaning. A few hundred characters is a good start. 3. Retrieve + Generate (the payoff) Embed the question with the same model, ask Supabase for the closest chunks, then hand them to the LLM: const query_embedding = await embed ( que
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I built a free Python AI platform for Indian developers. Here's everything inside.
6 months ago I was a final year CS student with no real projects and no clear path into tech. So I built one. Not just a project. A full platform. Here's everything inside Rohith Builds — completely free, forever. What's Inside 1. 100 Structured Lessons (Python → AI) Not random tutorials. A structured path: Day 1-20: Python basics Day 21-40: Backend & APIs Day 41-60: SQL & Databases Day 61-80: AI & LLMs Day 81-100: AI Agents & Launch Every lesson uses Indian examples. Zomato orders. Cricket scores. IRCTC bookings. Aadhaar validation. Because most tutorials use pizza and baseball. We use what we actually know. 2. Rohi — AI Tutor Stuck on a concept? Ask Rohi. he's powered by Groq LLM, understands Indian context, and is available 24/7. No waiting for a mentor to reply. No expensive bootcamp. Just ask and learn. 3. Jobs Board — Updated Daily This took the longest to build. An autonomous scraper that: → Queries LinkedIn Guest API → Searches Naukri via AOL gateway → Finds Indeed listings → Sends each to Groq AI for analysis → Filters only junior/fresher roles → Checks freshness (last 4 days only) → Removes duplicates automatically → Inserts into PostgreSQL Result: 53+ curated jobs. Updated daily. Filter by: Python, Backend, AI, Frontend Filter by: 2025, 2026, 2027 graduates No more scrolling through senior roles pretending to be junior. 4. 220+ Prompt Vault Every prompt I've used to: Debug faster Write better code Prepare for interviews Build projects Copy. Use. Customize. 5. Improve Any Prompt (Free Tool) Paste any AI prompt. Get an optimized version instantly. No signup needed. The Tech Stack Built with: Python + Flask PostgreSQL (Neon) Groq API (Llama-3.3-70b) Render deployment SQLAlchemy + psycopg2 No React. No Next.js. No hype stack. Just Python and PostgreSQL doing real work. Why I Made It Free Because every resource that helped me was either: Paywalled after lesson 3 In English accent I had to rewind Using examples I couldn't relate to Assuming I had a MacBook and
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HLD Fundamentals #1: Network Protocols
Network Protocols Network protocols define how computers communicate over a network. Whether you're opening Instagram, sending a WhatsApp message, watching Netflix, or transferring money through a banking app, some protocol is working behind the scenes to make communication possible. Client-Server Model What is it? The Client-Server model is a communication architecture where: Client requests a service or data. Server processes the request and returns a response. Most modern applications follow this architecture. How Does It Work? Client ---------- Request ----------> Server Client <--------- Response ---------- Server The client always initiates communication, and the server listens for incoming requests. Real World Example Instagram When you open Instagram: Mobile app sends a request. Instagram servers process the request. Feed data is fetched from databases. Posts are returned to your phone. Instagram App | V Instagram Server | V Database Advantages Centralized control Easier security management Easy maintenance Easier data consistency Disadvantages Server can become a bottleneck Single point of failure if not replicated Interview One-Liner Client-Server architecture is a centralized model where clients request resources and servers provide them. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Model What is it? In a Peer-to-Peer network, every machine can act as both: Client Server There is no central server controlling communication. How Does It Work? Peer A <------> Peer B ^ ^ | | V V Peer C <------> Peer D Each peer can directly share resources with others. Real World Example BitTorrent Instead of downloading a file from one server: User | +--> Peer 1 | +--> Peer 2 | +--> Peer 3 Different parts of the file are downloaded from multiple peers simultaneously. Blockchain Bitcoin and Ethereum networks operate using Peer-to-Peer communication. Advantages Highly scalable No central server cost Better fault tolerance Disadvantages Harder to manage Security challenges Data consistency issues Inter
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Typescritp: Sobrecarga de Construtor
Introdução Assim como funções, construtores podem ter múltiplas assinaturas: O problema class Evento { constructor ( id : string , tipo : string , competencia : string ) { ... } // como aceitar também só id e tipo, sem competencia? } Solução — overload signatures class Evento { id : string ; tipo : string ; competencia : string ; // assinaturas constructor ( id : string , tipo : string ); constructor ( id : string , tipo : string , competencia : string ); // implementação constructor ( id : string , tipo : string , competencia : string = " nao-definida " ) { this . id = id ; this . tipo = tipo ; this . competencia = competencia ; } } new Evento ( " 1 " , " R-2010 " ); // ✅ primeira assinatura new Evento ( " 1 " , " R-2010 " , " 2024-01 " ); // ✅ segunda assinatura
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Teach Your Agent to Forget (On Purpose)
Hello, I'm Maneshwar. I'm building git-lrc, a Micro AI code reviewer that runs on every commit. It is...
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OS Architecture, Kernel, Shell & File System
🐧 Linux for DevOps — Session 2: Understanding the Kernel, Shell, OS Architecture & File System 📓 Learning in public — These are my personal notes from my Linux for DevOps & Cloud journey. I'm sharing them in a way that's easy to revisit later and hopefully useful for anyone else starting out. In the previous session, I got comfortable with Linux basics and terminal access. This session focused on understanding what actually happens behind the scenes when we run commands , how Linux is structured internally, and how files are organized on the system. These concepts might sound theoretical at first, but they're the foundation of everything you'll do in DevOps—from managing EC2 instances and Docker containers to troubleshooting production servers. The Linux Kernel: The Heart of the Operating System The kernel is the most important component of Linux. Think of it as a translator sitting between software and hardware. Applications can't directly talk to the CPU, RAM, disks, or network interfaces. Instead, every request goes through the kernel. When you run a command, open a browser, start a Docker container, or deploy an application, the kernel is responsible for making it happen. Its main responsibilities include: Responsibility Purpose Resource Management Decides which process gets CPU time Memory Management Allocates and releases RAM Process Management Creates, schedules, and terminates processes Device Management Communicates with hardware through drivers Without the kernel, Linux would simply be a collection of files with no way to interact with hardware. Types of Kernels Not every operating system uses the same kernel design. Monolithic Kernel (Linux) keeps most operating system services inside a single kernel space. This approach is extremely fast because components communicate directly. Microkernel keeps only essential functionality in kernel space and moves other services outside. This improves isolation and stability but introduces additional overhead. Hybrid K
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The First Message Sent Over the Internet Was 'LO'
The first message ever sent across the network that became the internet was not "Hello, world." It was not a grand declaration. It was two letters, transmitted by accident, before the system fell over: LO . That two-letter packet is the ancestor of every connected device, every IoT sensor, and every web request running today. The story of how it happened is also a surprisingly useful lesson for anyone building embedded systems and connected hardware right now. What actually happened on October 29, 1969 On the evening of October 29, 1969, a programmer named Charley Kline sat at a terminal in Leonard Kleinrock's lab at UCLA. His job was simple on paper: log in to a remote computer at the Stanford Research Institute (SRI), roughly 350 miles away, over a brand-new experimental network called ARPANET. The plan was to type the command LOGIN . The remote machine at SRI was set up to auto-complete the rest once it saw the first few characters, so Kline only needed to start typing. He had a colleague on the phone at the Stanford end to confirm each letter arrived. He typed L . Stanford confirmed: "Got the L." He typed O . Stanford confirmed: "Got the O." He typed G - and the SRI system crashed. So the first message ever transmitted over ARPANET was "LO." As Kleinrock later liked to point out, it was an accidental but fitting first word: "LO" as in "lo and behold." About an hour later they fixed the bug and completed the full login, but the historic first packet had already gone out, two letters at a time. Why a crash is the perfect origin story It is tempting to read this as a cute footnote. It is more than that. The very first thing the internet ever did was fail partway through a transaction - and the system was built well enough that the humans on both ends knew exactly how far it had gotten before it died. That is the entire discipline of networked systems in miniature. Connections drop. Remote machines crash mid-request. Packets arrive out of order, or not at all. The n
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Indexes: Quickstart Using PostgreSQL (15 sec read)
Let's consider a table user . When we execute a query to find Emily , we are actually going through each record , looking whether the name column equals Emily . Indexes comes in when you want to speed this up. Let's create an Index with the name idx_users_name (the name can be anything, and it doesn't matter functionally): CREATE INDEX idx_users_name ON users ( name ); Now when you run SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'Emily' ; Postgres will use the index we just created (not by the name, the name is just for us) to execute that query, and the time complexity is reduced from O(n) to O(log n) .
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Deploying Symfony 8 to cPanel Step by Step guide.
Table of Contents Introduction Double-check everything Configure your Environment Variables Install/Update your Vendors Clear your Symfony Cache Install symfony/apache-pack Update composer.json public directory Build the assets Update Kernel.php Upload the project to cPanel Final Thoughts Introduction I'm new to Symfony and recently, I deployed a Symfony app to a shared hosting environment running cPanel with no SSH access. I could not figure out the best way to do it, let alone find useful resources online as most of them are outdated and felt inefficient. I faced a lot of errors like: failing to load the app with a 500 Internal Server Error, some static assets not loading, etc. I figured it out in the end. This motivated me to write this post to reduce the headache for other Symfony newbies like me. Alright, let's get into it. Most deployment guides online assume you can run Composer, clear caches, execute migrations, and run Symfony commands directly on the server. In shared hosting environments, that is often not possible so, my examples will assume you don't have it installed on the server. 1. Double-check everything The first step to building for production is double-checking everything if it's in intact. Yes, this is very important. In my case, I was faced with some static image assets failing to load because of wrong reference which was ignored on dev mode. I had something like: asset('/images/<filename> ) which was working in dev mode but failed to load the image in prod. the paths had to be like: asset('images/'). This was after checking how I defined other assets. So avoid things like this before hand. 2. Configure your Environment Variables For this, we will use the dotenv:dump command which is not registered by default, so you must register first in your services: # config/services.yaml services : Symfony\Component\Dotenv\Command\DotenvDumpCommand : ~ Then, run the command below. After running this command, Symfony will create and load the .env.local.ph
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Looking to connect with fellow C++ learners and developers
Hi everyone 👋 I'm currently learning C++ and looking to connect with other people who enjoy programming. I'm interested in improving my coding skills, building small projects, and learning from more experienced developers. If you're also learning C++ or are willing to share advice with a beginner, I'd be happy to chat and learn together. Happy coding! 🚀