标签：#MachineLearning

Jasper Research just released a cookbook on how to build a text-to-image model from scratch. It shares the full reasoning and intermediate results, making it ideal if you want to deep-dive into text-to-image models, or if you are curious about how frontier labs build them. The cookbook also includes a 100M-image dataset and a codebase with a tiny model, so you can train a text-to-image model from scratch. Here are the links: Cookbook: https://huggingface.co/spaces/jasperai/t2i-technical-interactive-report nano t2i: https://github.com/gojasper/nano-t2i Monet Dataset: https://huggingface.co/datasets/jasperai/monet submitted by /u/dh7net [link] [留言]

Why “Behind the Scenes” Isn’t Optional in Machine Learning There’s a version of Machine Learning that treats models as interchangeable black boxes: Import the library. Call .fit() . Tune a few hyperparameters. Ship it. It works — until it doesn’t. When a model fails, the real question isn’t just “How do I fix it?” It’s “Why is it failing in the first place?” The engineers who can answer that question are the ones who understand what’s happening beneath the API. Not because knowing the internals is intellectually satisfying — although it is — but because that understanding is what separates applying a model from engineering one . Knowing that Gradient Descent exists is not the same as understanding why it becomes preferable to closed-form solutions as problems scale. Knowing that Softmax outputs sum to one is not the same as understanding why that alone doesn’t make its outputs true probabilities. Knowing what a technique does is useful. Understanding why it works, when it works, and what assumptions it depends on is what allows you to adapt it when the problem doesn’t look like the textbook example. And you can’t meaningfully customize something you don’t understand. That’s the idea behind #MLUnboxed — a series where I’ll break down Machine Learning and Statistics concepts, including many that are already well documented, but without stripping away the mechanics that make them work. The goal isn’t to reinvent established ideas. It’s to understand them deeply enough to use them intelligently. This series is for people who already know the “what” and are ready to spend more time with the “why.” If that sounds like you, let’s get into it.

We needed to know where the open-source AI-detection field actually stands, so we ran every notable open detector through the same protocol. Setup: - Public data only: Jabarian & Imas 2025 (NBER), Liang 2023 TOEFL essays, a 1,060-text frontier set (GPT-5.x, Claude Opus 5, Gemini 3.x), 5,000 pre-LLM (2018) FineWeb pages as human pool - Every model gets its threshold set on the same 6,930 human docs to a matched 0.5% FPR - Then measure recall per group: raw AI, humanizer-paraphrased AI, frontier models What surprised us: - 4 of 6 models effectively can't reach 0.5% FPR. MAGE scores >0.9999 on 26% of ordinary human web text. The old OpenAI RoBERTa detector lands at AUC 0.31 - worse than coin flip on modern generators. - Humanizer-paraphrased text is where everything collapses: best model catches 42%, second best 4%. - All models flag non-native essays at a higher rate than they flag native essays. This is a fundamental flaw in the entire class of models, not just one. model ROC-AUC raw AI humanized AI frontier models tropa-mini 0.968 93.2 % 41.6 % 33.6 % desklib/ai-text-detector-v1.01 0.875 83.9 % 4.0 % 1.8 % SuperAnnotate/ai-detector 0.824 0.5 % 1.4 % 0.6 % Hello-SimpleAI/chatgpt-detector-roberta 0.571 0.8 % 0.4 % 0.2 % yaful/MAGE 0.507 —* —* —* roberta-large-openai-detector 0.313 0.0 % 0.1 % 0.0 % More information and data on HF \ recall at matched 0.5% FPR; * MAGE can't reach 0.5% FPR at any threshold (flags 26% of human web text with score >0.9999)** Disclosure: one of the six is ours - we run a hosted detector and released this one as open weights (Apache-2.0). All datasets and the methodology are in the model card, so you can rerun everything: huggingface.co/wasitaigeneratedcom/ai-text-detector-small submitted by /u/grumpyp2 [link] [留言]

Hi r/MachineLearning , Stjepan from Manning here, posting with the mods’ permission. We’ve recently released GPU Programming with Triton by Harshwardhan Fartale in early access. It’s a practical guide to speeding up machine learning training and inference by writing custom GPU kernels in Python with Triton. The book explains how to identify operations worth optimizing, build and benchmark kernels, fuse operations to reduce memory traffic, implement common parallel and reduction patterns, and improve performance through tiling, vectorization, and better memory access. The goal is to help ML practitioners move beyond framework-level optimization when a model has a stubborn bottleneck. I’d love to hear from the community: Which part of your ML workload would you most like to accelerate with a custom kernel—and what currently stops you from writing one? Real use cases, benchmarks, failed experiments, questions, and skeptical takes are all welcome. We’ll give a free ebook to the five comments that contribute the most to the discussion. The giveaway will remain open for 48 hours, after which we’ll announce the winners here. Book: https://hubs.la/Q04w2PtF0 50% off with code for the community: MLFARTALE50RE Full disclosure: I’m posting on behalf of Manning. Honest criticism is just as welcome as enthusiasm. Thank you for having us. Cheers, Stjepan submitted by /u/ManningBooks [link] [留言]

Hi all, I recently read this paper: Julien Guinot, Alain Riou, Elio Quinton, Gyorgy Fazekas. Steering dense music retrieval with open-vocabulary concept discovery. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.08757 There is multiple model where you can get embedding from Song and Text so that you can search song by text. The challenges is when you get a result that don’t really respect your query, for example you search: - POP viola with female vocalist And as a result you usually get POP song with female vocalist because they are usually very common in you library, instead the Viola tend to disappear being uncommon. But the power of MIR isn’t exactly search to specific song even if uncommon ? Here the idea of the paper is to get the compressed embbeding layer, make it sparse again and be able to identify for some common words exactly which neuron are activated try to avoiding overlapping with other neuron. Then you can improve the value of let’s say the Viola neurons and then bring back to the compressed embbeding space. This is not mine, is only explanation, what I did is in the past a Distilled version of LAION CLAP called DCLAP that is around 7 million parameters and can efficiently run on CPU: - https://github.com/NeptuneHub/AudioMuse-AI-DCLAP The following the paper I also trained a SAE for DCLAP : - https://github.com/NeptuneHub/AudioMuse-AI-SAE So if you’re interested you can take a look at let me know. Are all free and opensource. Finally if you want to see both of them in action I used both the model for AudioMuse-AI , a software dedicated to sonic analysis and automatic playlist creation (with various model): - https://github.com/NeptuneHub/AudioMuse-AI If you have any feedback, suggestion, idea, please let me know ! submitted by /u/Old_Rock_9457 [link] [留言]

Mithil Vakde trained a small transformer from scratch in 1.5 hours on a rented RTX 5090. The compute cost came to about 67 cents. The model scored 44% on the ARC-AGI-1 public eval, one point behind TRM's 45% and in the same band that left DeepSeek R1, o3-mini, and Gemini 2.5 Pro behind when the TRM paper ran the comparison ( arXiv 2510.04871 ). This is the third post in his ARC series. The previous result went viral and drew public scrutiny from researchers including Lucas Beyer, Jeremy Howard, and Rohan Anil. The new one raises the score, cuts the cost, and answers every objection in a long appendix. What the model does Each puzzle becomes a sequence of tokenized grids. The transformer trains on those sequences from scratch at test time, using both the train puzzles and the eval puzzle inputs, with the eval labels hidden. Test-time training is not a loophole here. ARC is a meta-learning benchmark built around skill acquisition, and Chollet's original paper frames the whole thing as a measure of how efficiently a system gains new skills ( arXiv 1911.01547 ). The architecture got a 2026 refresh: 8 layers, SwiGLU, RMSNorm, the NorMuon optimizer, 3D RoPE, and per-task embeddings. Inference augments each test input with color and dihedral permutations, inverts the augmentations, and submits the two most common outputs. The biggest change is the loss function. Previous versions trained on input and output tokens. This one trains on output tokens only, which makes the approach supervised. Score went from 40% to 44%. Vakde admits he does not fully understand why, and the training loss got worse even as scores improved. His guess is finite model capacity. The ablations back him up on what carries the result: drop the 3D RoPE and the score falls to about 24%, drop the per-task embeddings and it falls to about 24%. Representations, not compute, are doing the work. The lineage it joins None of these systems pretrain. They learn from the benchmark's roughly thousand examples: S

Why did I sign up to review when it’s not reciprocal? Am I an idiot? Am I dumb to sacrifice some of my precious time outside of work to review these papers when I don’t even have to? Yes. I tell myself I’m giving something to the community. But all I’m really doing is pissing off the authors as I reject their papers. I really wanted to accept one of them too. But, it wasn’t as well done as I’d hoped. Strong reject. Nobody made me sign up. Nobody even asked me personally. They sent a lovely form email that goes to everyone who’s published there. I let feeling important convince me to do it. How dumb of me! At least it’s only a couple of papers and a small amount of my time. And I’m learning something new reading stuff slightly outside my direct field, that I would never normally read otherwise. And I get to hone the skill of critical reading, thinking, and generally understanding how a paper should (or should not) be put together. Maybe it was a good idea after all. How does everyone else feel about non-reciprocal reviewing? I imagine those that agree to do it are in the minority. submitted by /u/OptimalOptimizer [link] [留言]

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LLM agents increasingly modify their own prompts, tools, middleware, resources, and execution harnesses at runtime. Such self-evolution can improve capability, but a successful mutation may leave persistent effects that cannot be safely reversed in states different from the one in which it was created. We introduce EvoUndo, a framework for representing, synthesizing, diagnosing, and independently verifying recoverability of model-generated self-modifications across counterfactual states. Across 600 unseen one-shot self-evolution tasks, we identify 197 capability-improving mutations that fail recoverability verification. Under the original recovery representation, conventional repair strategies recover 0/197 of these natural failures. Deterministic oracle analysis recovers 48/197 under the original recovery language L0, while the extended recovery calculus increases empirical oracle recovery to 191/197. A protocol-locked 2×2 grounding-by-expressivity intervention then separates two bottlenecks: exact state-address grounding increases successful recovery from 0/48 to 38/48 (79.2%) when the original language is sufficient, while extending the recovery language enables recovery on 142/143 (99.3%) failures in the oracle-defined S1 stratum. On the primary gpt-oss-120b backbone, adding exact-address diagnostics to the richer language reduces recovery to 133/143 (93.0%); a Qwen3.8-27B replication preserves the grounding and expressivity effects but not this negative interaction, indicating that the latter is model-dependent. These results indicate that reliable agent self-evolution requires co-designing verification, state grounding, witness semantics, and recovery-language expressivity rather than relying on iterative prompting alone. Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.28363 submitted by /u/AccomplishedLeg1508 [link] [留言]

Hi everyone, 2nd-year PhD candidate here staring down my first A* submission deadline (AAMAS 2027). I could really use some perspective on theory expectations, especially since I think I’ve methodologically painted myself into a corner. The setup My project started with a clean hypothesis: if architecture X is more robust than Y to perturbation A, and B is a strictly harder version of A, then the X > Y ordering should hold under B as well. I isolated three variables I suspected were driving the effect, ran experiments, and… got results that only partially support the hypothesis, with clear boundary conditions. Where I got stuck Trying to explain the “why” mathematically sent me down a theory rabbit hole. I ended up with two bad options: Claims tied to specific training outputs rather than structural/architectural properties, or Weak, hand-wavy speculations that feel like post-hoc rationalizations. I’m pretty sure I fell into HARKing.. I started building theory after seeing the results instead of deriving predictions beforehand. Furthermore, my codebase is built on an undocumented public repo, and I recently found a bunch of hidden parameters set to wrong values for my setting. I’m currently re-running everything, which is why I’m being vague about specifics. My “insights” from the first round are probably garbage. My actual questions For those who’ve reviewed for or published at AAMAS (or similar A* venues): how much formal theory is actually expected for an empirical MARL paper? Is “here’s the phenomenon, here’s the controlled experiments, here’s a plausible but incomplete theoretical sketch” a death sentence? If the theory ends up being training-dependent rather than structural, is that a sign I should pivot to a lower-tier venue, or can strong empirical characterization + limited theory still fly at A*? How do you recover from HARKing mid-project when you’re under pressure to publish in year 3/4 of a 4-year contract? Any advice on how to salvage the timeline or r

This article provides a step by step comparison of three Gemma 4 deployments on a single AWS hosted GPU enabled system. A suite of Python MCP tools is built to simplify management of each deployment, and one benchmark harness is shared across all three so that the runtime is the only variable. https://github.com/xbill9/gemma4-dev The whole exercise cost under three dollars, and that is the part worth keeping. Nineteen instances and about four and a half instance-hours bought three serving sweeps, nine timed boots and a handful of A/B restarts. It also bought five wrong claims, each caught by measuring instead of reasoning. On hardware where a run is expensive, the cheapest of those five would have shipped with a caveat attached. What is this project trying to Do? Three rigs in this monorepo serve google/gemma-4-E2B-it on an AWS G5g instance. One runs vLLM, one runs a pure JAX port, one runs PyTorch with transformers. The hardware is identical and only the runtime slot moves, so this should be the cleanest A/B available. For months it was not, because each rig measured itself with its own harness and quoted its own number. Three harnesses computing three statistics is not a comparison. Prerequisites An AWS account with G-family quota in us-east-1 . Each g5g.2xlarge is 8 vCPU, so 16 vCPU of spot quota runs two at once. A subnet, a security group opening TCP 8000, and an instance profile carrying AmazonSSMManagedInstanceCore plus read on the Hugging Face token secret. A Hugging Face token in Secrets Manager. It is fetched at boot into a root-only EnvironmentFile and never appears in user data. boto3 and the standard credential chain. No AWS CLI shell-outs, no inbound SSH rule, and no private key anywhere in the flow. AWS EC2 G5g Instance g5g.2xlarge — 8 vCPU, 16 GiB host Host CPU AWS Graviton2, aarch64 GPU 1x NVIDIA T4G, Turing, SM 7.5 GPU memory 15,360 MiB per nvidia-smi ; AWS lists 16,384 nominal G5g is the only family AWS ships that puts an NVIDIA GPU behind a Gravi

This article provides a step by step comparison of three Gemma 4 deployments on a single AWS hosted GPU enabled system. A suite of Python MCP tools is built to simplify management of each deployment, and one benchmark harness is shared across all three so that the runtime is the only variable. https://github.com/xbill9/gemma4-dev The whole exercise cost under three dollars, and that is the part worth keeping. Nineteen instances and about four and a half instance-hours bought three serving sweeps, nine timed boots and a handful of A/B restarts. It also bought five wrong claims, each caught by measuring instead of reasoning. On hardware where a run is expensive, the cheapest of those five would have shipped with a caveat attached. What is this project trying to Do? Three rigs in this monorepo serve google/gemma-4-E2B-it on an AWS G5g instance. One runs vLLM, one runs a pure JAX port, one runs PyTorch with transformers. The hardware is identical and only the runtime slot moves, so this should be the cleanest A/B available. For months it was not, because each rig measured itself with its own harness and quoted its own number. Three harnesses computing three statistics is not a comparison. Prerequisites An AWS account with G-family quota in us-east-1 . Each g5g.2xlarge is 8 vCPU, so 16 vCPU of spot quota runs two at once. A subnet, a security group opening TCP 8000, and an instance profile carrying AmazonSSMManagedInstanceCore plus read on the Hugging Face token secret. A Hugging Face token in Secrets Manager. It is fetched at boot into a root-only EnvironmentFile and never appears in user data. boto3 and the standard credential chain. No AWS CLI shell-outs, no inbound SSH rule, and no private key anywhere in the flow. AWS EC2 G5g Instance g5g.2xlarge — 8 vCPU, 16 GiB host Host CPU AWS Graviton2, aarch64 GPU 1x NVIDIA T4G, Turing, SM 7.5 GPU memory 15,360 MiB per nvidia-smi ; AWS lists 16,384 nominal G5g is the only family AWS ships that puts an NVIDIA GPU behind a Gravi

YOLO26 ships a depth-estimation model — dense, full-resolution, per-pixel regression, a task architecturally much closer to image restoration than to detection. I wanted to know whether the backbone+neck weights it learns through depth training transfer to a different dense-regression task (deraining), compared with training the same architecture from scratch. The deraining model that came out of it is a useful byproduct, but the transfer result is the part I think is worth discussing. What I inherited from YOLO26-depth The CSPDarknet backbone and PAN-FPN neck, unchanged. The depth decoder's multi-scale fusion (project the P3/P4/P5 pyramid to a common width, progressively upsample-and-add P5→P4→P3). That part isn't depth-specific — it's just feature fusion — so RGBHead reuses it. What I changed / added Replaced the 1-channel Depth head with a new RGBHead . The config change is one line; RGBHead itself is a new restoration decoder, not a re-pointed depth head. Reconstruction tail that continues to full input resolution (deraining needs pixel-exact output; depth stops at 1/4 res). Skip connections from the stride-2 and stride-4 backbone layers into the tail, so fine detail has a path that doesn't route through an 8×-downsampled bottleneck. Residual output — the head predicts a correction added to the input (NAFNet/Restormer-style), not the image directly. LayerNorm in the head's own conv blocks; the backbone and neck stay on BatchNorm (folds into conv at TensorRT export, and keeps the model loadable from the whole YOLO26 pretrained zoo, not just the depth checkpoint). How it was trained and measured ClearView as an external lib — its mixed synthetic+real rain recipe, Charbonnier loss, and 10-test-set protocol — so the numbers land on ClearView's own model-zoo scale, not a benchmark I made up. Released scales: nano (5.25M) and small (12.13M). Loading the YOLO26-depth checkpoint into this architecture matches 468/468 backbone+neck tensors exactly — only the new RGBHead

After following various arXiv papers and researcher discussions on X/bluesky about latent reasoning and continual learning, one idea which resonates strongly is that path forward (towards AGI) may depend less on generating ever-longer chains of thought and more on finding architectures that can reason beyond the token stream. LLMs routinely reach correct answers through flawed or fabricated CoT steps, and produce perfectly logical steps that end in wrong answers (Kambhampati, 2025). The trace doesn't track the computation which clarifies that verbalized CoT is an imitation of reasoning and not the mechanism itself. The alternative mechanism which gets the most attention is latent reasoning: instead of verbalizing every intermediate result, the model repeatedly transforms its continuous hidden state and decodes only the answer. I’m breaking latent reasoning down into at least five distinct families: Continuous thoughts in autoregressive LMs: Coconut (Hao et al., 2024) feeds the model's own final hidden state back in as the next input embedding while Soft Thinking (Zhang et al., 2025) reasons in a continuous concept space. Theory here argues a single continuous state can hold several search frontiers at once and expand them in parallel (Zhu et al., 2025) . Compressed discrete non-linguistic tokens: Abstract-CoT (Ramji et al., 2026) swaps verbal rationales for a short sequence from a learned vocabulary. It is non-linguistic, but still serial and externally decoded, the discrete end of the spectrum . Recurrent depth and looped models: recurrent-depth LMs (Geiping et al., 2025) and looped Transformers (Saunshi et al., 2025; Zhu et al., 2026) reapply a shared block to a latent state. Mostly framed as parameter efficiency and test-time-compute scaling, not as a new reasoning interface . Task-trained recursive solvers: HRM (Wang et al., 2025) and TRM (Jolicoeur-Martineau, 2025) recursively refine latent and candidate-answer states. Their ARC pipelines are transductive: eval

The Brave Wanderer: I made Claude play a Pokémon it never read a guide for Full timeline video of this 2,000-turn run (game frames + a live cost counter on the left, the model's real-time thinking log on the right): https://youtu.be/ewyM7mzGzTM At the end of the first article in this series , I made a promise. Fable 5's fluency in FireRed owed half its credit to the walkthroughs it had memorized — it wrote down "Oak's Parcel," an item the game hadn't shown it yet, 141 turns early. So the only honest exam is a new exam paper: "Same harness, same model, a map it cannot recite — I'll post the numbers." This article is those numbers. The exam paper is Pokémon Team Rocket Edition — the Chinese fan translation of the Spanish community hack Pokémon Edición Team Rocket, released in January 2026. You play a Team Rocket recruit working your way up from the Five Island base. Five story rounds, four regions; the Kanto chapter alone is labeled 30-35 hours for a human player. And most importantly: this game is essentially absent from the model's training data . No guide to recite. Just the screen and itself. There's also a lovely narrative twist: the hack sets your home base inside the original FireRed's Five Island Rocket Warehouse — the enemy hideout you raid late-game as the hero in the official version. Same map, opposite allegiance. Rules unchanged: vision only, one screenshot plus its own notes per turn, one button-press tool, a 2,000-action cap. The result, up front 8 hours 43 minutes, 2,000 turns, $113.44. It reached the middle of the prologue's first mission — roughly 40-60 minutes of human play time. It taught itself plenty: menus, battles, catching, the save flow, all from scratch; after losing to a fellow recruit it wrote a revenge battle plan into its notes, ground levels, and actually won the rematch; it even induced map rules like "dark blue water can't be surfed, light blue can," and maintained a dead-ends list and an NPC-interview checklist in its notes. One deta

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Hey everyone, My brother and I just released TontaubeV1, a 2.9B-parameter open-weight TTS model focused on expressive speech, long-form generation/narration, and low-latency local inference. It is primarily aimed at English and German and supports zero-shot voice cloning from up to one minute of reference audio. It builds on DualCodec, a multi-codebook discrete audio codec. It was trained on 7 languages and ~200k hours of audio (mostly tested in English and German). I wanted to make a post to highlight two choices that worked well for us and seem less common in current TTS models: 1. Character-level tokenization We start from a Qwen3-1.7B checkpoint for our semantic codebook model. Many modern, and especially LLM-based, TTS models use the tokenizer from the backbone model, add special/audio tokens, and train the model on predicting the next token. We experimented early on with character-level tokenization and found that it generally worked better than using the original BPE tokenizer from Qwen. We still use the tokens emitted by the Qwen tokenizer, but force it to tokenize spoken text as a sequence of individual characters. When experimenting with forcing Qwen to predict text in this mode, we found that it was still able to answer questions correctly, which suggested to us that language understanding was retained even with this unusual representation. We did this because a) context length usually is not as much of an issue for TTS as it is for regular LLMs, since we do not require huge reasoning budgets and use chunking, and b) it makes the character-to-sound mapping much simpler internally. Speech is a lot about syllables and short character sequences. When using the regular BPE tokenizer, we found that the model went out of distribution more often and was more likely to encounter a sequence of tokens that was rare or absent from the TTS training data. Complex sequences of special characters can be particularly confusing because they may tokenize into combinations

I'm exploring Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) as a baseline method for "dataset exploration/discovery" where I have a bunch of unstructured data with no annotations, and wish to gain insights about the structure and semantics of the data within. I was wondering if there are more modern (deep learning based or otherwise) approaches which have completely superseded HMMs for such tasks. submitted by /u/fullgoopy_alchemist [link] [留言]

I own two laptops. A 2020 Intel MacBook Air, 8GB RAM, no unified memory, gifted by my sister. And a...

Since 2021, our team at Autor has shipped over 50 AI products across healthcare, fintech, logistics, and SaaS. Some of them are running in production right now, handling thousands of automated calls per month. Others failed spectacularly — and those are the ones that taught us the most. Where This Comes From I started Autor in Toronto as a one-person AI development shop. The original thesis was simple: companies needed custom AI but couldn't hire fast enough to build it themselves. Four years and 50+ products later, we're a senior-only studio with a production voice AI platform (Loquent) serving healthcare and dental clients 24/7. Along the way, we've impacted over 5 million users, helped clients raise more than $10 million in funding, and shipped across 10+ countries. This isn't a highlight reel. This is the unvarnished list of things I got wrong, figured out the hard way, or wish someone had told me before I wrote my first line of production AI code. 1. Your First AI Product Should Be Boring Our first few products were ambitious. Multi-modal pipelines, complex reasoning chains, novel architectures. Most of them took twice as long as estimated and required constant babysitting in production. The products that actually made money and kept clients happy? A straightforward document classifier. A simple intent router. A basic FAQ bot with good fallback logic. I used to think "boring" meant "not innovative." Now I know boring means "reliable enough that I don't get paged at 3am." Our most successful product, Loquent, handles healthcare scheduling calls. It's not doing anything architecturally exotic. It picks up the phone, understands what the caller needs, books or reschedules an appointment, and hangs up. The magic isn't in the model — it's in the 200+ edge cases we've handled around it. If you're building your first AI product, pick the most boring version of your idea and ship that. You can add complexity later. You cannot add reliability later. 2. Prompt Engineerin